Anal swab findings in an infant with COVID‐19

Fan, Qi-Wen; Pan, Yue; Wu, Qingcui; Liu, Shan; Xu, Shidang; Xie, Zijian; Liu, Yang; Zhao, Liang; Wang, Zhonghong; Zhang, Yifei; Wu, Zuchuang; Guan, Lan; Lv, Xiaolong

doi:10.1002/ped4.12186

Cited by 41 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…We tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in urine, nasopharyngeal swab, stool, and CSF of the neonate, only nasopharyngeal swab and stool sample tested positive with prolonged virus shedding ( Table 2A , Table 2B ). This is consistent with the current literature of children, PCR in stool was positive until 70 days in children [ 8 , 9 , 11 , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] ]. The duration of viral shedding in neonates is scarce.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Case report of a neonate with high viral SARSCoV-2 loads and long-term virus shedding

Slaats¹,

Versteylen²,

Gast³

et al. 2020

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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Background SARS-CoV-2 has spread globally. Currently, literature of SARS-CoV-2 in neonates is scarce. We present a case of a neonate with a high viral load and prolonged virus shedding. Methods Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, treatment, laboratory data and follow-up information and the treatment of a neonate with COVID-19 were recorded. Results A 7-day-old boy was admitted to the hospital with fever, lethargy and apnoea. He was found SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive with an exceptionally high viral load in nasopharyngeal swab and stool. The father and two maternity nurses at home had detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA as well. Sequencing showed all strains belonged to the same cluster. The father was asymptomatic and the maternity nurses developed symptoms after visiting. In the mother, no SARS-CoV-2 RNA could be found. Six days after admission, the neonate was discharged after clinical improvement with oral antibiotics because of a possible pyelonephritis. Monitoring the course of this infection showed that SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detectable in the nasopharynx until day 19 and in stool until day 42 after symptom onset. Conclusions This case shows that neonates can have a high viral load of SARS-CoV-2 and can shed the virus for over one month in stool. Despite the high viral load in the neonate, the mother and a sibling did not get infected.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Case report of a neonate with high viral SARSCoV-2 loads and long-term virus shedding

Slaats¹,

Versteylen²,

Gast³

et al. 2020

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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“…Inflammatory markers were often elevated and described as a multisystemic manifestation, sometimes leading to multiorgan dysfunction complications. 13 , 23 , 31 Hematologic and lymphatic manifestations were also reported, with variations in leukocytes, 18 , 24 , 37 lymphocytes, 17 , 19 , 24 neutrophil count, 17 , 18 , 40 and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. 31 Twelve cases of lymphadenopathy were described.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The main extrapulmonary manifestations found were gastrointestinal (GI), with high prevalence of diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting. 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 Other GI symptoms found were related to inflammatory process, such as pharyngeal erythema, 19 swollen tongue, and pronounced lingual papillae. 31 Reduced feeding, 21 , 32 odynophagia, 15 , 26 and feeding intolerance 33 were also reported and are important signs for pediatric cases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 12 However, due to the outrageous number of infected children, some fatal cases are being reported, associated with extrapulmonary complications, pointing to a need of medical and scientific attention. 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 in children: a comprehensive review and pathophysiological considerations

Pousa¹,

Mendonça²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2021

Jornal de Pediatria

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Objective The aim of this review was to summarize the most common extrapulmonary manifestations in pediatric patients with COVID-19, as well as to discuss clinical, epidemiological, and pathophysiological aspects of these clinical presentations in children. Source of data An extensive search of literature was performed in order to identify pediatric cases with extrapulmonary manifestations between January 1, 2020 and June 21, 2020. Generic keywords, such as “Novel coronavirus” or “Novel coronavirus 2019” or “2019 nCoV” or “COVID-19” or “SARS-CoV-2” were searched on PubMed database, associated either with age filters or generic pediatric terms. Summary of findings A total of 28 articles, including 199 patients, were considered suitable to review and data extraction. The main findings were summarized in tables. The main non-pulmonary manifestations in pediatric patients, in decreasing order of frequency, were gastrointestinal, renal, cardiovascular, neurological, hematological and lymphatic, cutaneous, hepatic, ocular, olfactory, and gustatory. Multisystem impairment and Kawasaki-like disease were also described. Conclusions Differences in immune response of children and variations of tissue expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2, the virus receptor, are likely to influence clinical, epidemiological, and pathophysiological patterns of the disease.

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“…12 Viral RNA has been shown to be persistently present in anal swab. 5,12,14 Therefore, colonoscopy also should be considered as an aerosol-generating procedure mandating precaution.…”

Section: Risk Of Covid-19 Infection During Endoscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Indications for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Gunjan

Garg

2020

Journal of Digestive Endoscopy

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The global pandemic due to COVID-19 presents an unprecedented challenge to mankind including healthcare providers. Many COVID-19 infected patients may present with gastrointestinal symptoms. Endoscopic services may be required in complicated COVID-19 infected or suspected patients. In addition, resource allocation would demand judicious use of endoscopy services. There is a definite risk of transmission of COVID-19 during endoscopy to healthcare professionals. We recommend that only emergency and life-saving endoscopic procedures should be performed during COVID-19 pandemic, and semi-elective procedures should be performed after careful consideration. All routine endoscopy procedures should be deferred till normal hospital services resume. For emergency endoscopy procedures, prescreening of patients is critical to avoid nosocomial transmission. To prevent cross-infection among healthcare professionals, strict infection control measures should be practiced in endoscopy suite while providing essential endoscopic services to the patients.

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Anal swab findings in an infant with COVID‐19

Cited by 41 publications

References 11 publications

Case report of a neonate with high viral SARSCoV-2 loads and long-term virus shedding

Case report of a neonate with high viral SARSCoV-2 loads and long-term virus shedding

Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 in children: a comprehensive review and pathophysiological considerations

Indications for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy during the COVID-19 Pandemic

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