Anaesthetic Management

Flecknell, P. A.

doi:10.1016/b978-012260361-7/50010-5

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The utility of RR monitoring in the veterinary clinic is well established and widespread for the monitoring of both basic physiology and depth of anaesthesia 1,15,16 and our results are in line with experimental investigations into the relationship between RR and anaesthetic stages. 9 It is our hope that, where appropriate, respiration parameters are used to refine experimental procedures in order Figure 7 Correlations between electroencephalogram (EEG) dominant frequency and respiratory rate (RR) and respiratory depth (RD) from all animals in different anaesthetic stages.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Veterinary surgeons and scientists alike never cease in their efforts to improve anaesthesia protocols and pain management in such procedures and, currently, there is much information available to enable stable and appropriate anaesthesia, provided the animal is carefully monitored. 1 Of the various physiological measures that can be recorded from a subject, brain activity, respiration and cardiac function are among the most informative in the assessment of physiological stability and anaesthetic depth. 2 -4 Our laboratory required a monitoring device that would provide a continuous measurement of physiological stability as well as an index of anaesthetic depth.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Three respiratory parameters can be observed: rate, depth and pattern. 1 Of these, respiratory rate (RR) is the easiest to record and interpret. Although several different methods of RR monitoring are available, some have financial drawbacks and not all are appropriate to a wide range of surgical settings and animal species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Design and evaluation of a low-cost respiratory monitoring device for use with anaesthetized animals

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This report describes a simple, non-invasive electronic device that employs a compact accelerometer integrated circuit to transduce movements in the chest wall of an anaesthetized animal into an analogue signal that can be used to calculate the rate and relative depth of respiration. The device requires amplification by signal processing hardware/software which are common to most experimental laboratories. We assessed the sensitivity of the device by its ability to detect changes in respiratory patterns produced by modulating the depth of anaesthesia in isoflurane-anaesthetized Wistar rats. It is widely accepted that many anaesthetic agents affect respiratory patterns, especially respiratory rate (RR), which is often used as an important index of anaesthetic depth. Respiratory parameters obtained with the device were compared with concurrently recorded electroencephalographic and cardiac measures. Different concentrations of anaesthetic agent produced four depths of anaesthesia, identified using established electroencephalographic criteria. The accelerometer was attached easily and securely to the location of maximal chest wall movement and produced a strong respiratory signal that was detectable in all four anaesthetic stages. Deepening the anaesthesia produced a gradual decrease in RR, a decrease in dominant spectral frequency of the electroencephalogram (EEG) but no change in the heart rate. There was a significant correlation between RR and the dominant spectral frequency of the EEG, indicating that one useful application of the monitor could be to identify anaesthetic stages. The results demonstrate that respiratory parameters can be recorded using a simply constructed, low-cost device and suggest an application in the monitoring of anaesthetic depth.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Design and evaluation of a low-cost respiratory monitoring device for use with anaesthetized animals

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The pedal withdrawal reflex was used as index of surgical anesthesia in animal research, as recommended and discussed by Flecknell. 20 Every 20 min throughout the experimental protocol, the right or left hind leg (intermittent) was stretched by pulling the fascia in between the toes and subsequently pinching it with the customized forceps. When a sharp withdrawal of the hind leg was observed following the pinching, it was assumed that surgical anesthesia was not present and an additional maintenance bolus of the anesthetic regimen was applied.…”

Section: Anesthesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing anesthetic regimen for surgery in mice through minimization of hemodynamic, metabolic, and inflammatory perturbations

Zuurbier

Koeman

Houten

et al. 2014

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The role of anesthetics in animal research models is crucial, yet often ignored, and is almost never the primary focus of examination. Here, we investigated the impact of anesthetic regimens on different parameters of hemodynamics (blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR)), metabolism (glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids (FFA)), and inflammation (IL-6 and TNF-α) in two frequently used mouse strains (C57BL/6 and FVB). All animals were at a similar surgical plane of anesthesia, mechanically ventilated, and monitored for 60 min. The following anesthetic regimens were studied: (1) fentanyl-ketamine-midazolam (FKM), (2) fentanyl-midazolam-haldol (FMH), (3) pentobarbital (P), (4) fentanyl-fluanisone-midazolam (FFM), (5) fentanyl-midazolam-acepromazine (FMA), (6) ketamine-medetomidine-atropine (KMA), (7) isoflurane (ISO), and (8) propofol-fentanyl-midazolam (PFM). Metabolic and inflammatory parameters were compared with those obtained from non-anesthetized animals. Hemodynamics: BP >80 mm Hg were only obtained with KMA, whereas hypotension (BP <60 mm Hg) was observed with FKM and P. HR >500 beats/min was observed with ISO and PFM, whereas HR <400 beats/min was induced with KMA, FMH (BL/6), P (BL/6), and FKM (FVB). Metabolism: Glucose and insulin were most disturbed by KMA and ISO and mildly disturbed by FMA, whereas FFM, PFM, and P did not have any effect. FFA increased largely by FMA, with ISO and FKM having no effects. Inflammation: Cytokines were increased least with ISO/FFM/FMA, whereas FKM and KMA induced the largest increases in cytokines. When aiming at achieving surgical anesthesia without large disturbances in hemodynamic, metabolic, and inflammatory profiles, FFM, ISO, or PFM may be the most neutral anesthetic regimens in mice.

show abstract

“…An 18-gauge metal cannula with a typical resistance of 0.2 cmH 2O·s·ml Ϫ1 was used for tracheal cannulation in an attempt to minimize airflow resistance at that level. Throughout the experiments, mice were either placed on a heating pad equipped with a rectal temperature probe to maintain body temperature or wrapped temporarily in thermally insulating material to minimize heat loss (10). Body temperature measurements were not recorded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivered dose estimate to standardize airway hyperresponsiveness assessment in mice

Robichaud¹,

Fereydoonzad²,

Schuessler³

2015

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Airway hyperresponsiveness often constitutes a primary outcome in respiratory studies in mice. The procedure commonly employs aerosolized challenges, and results are typically reported in terms of bronchoconstrictor concentrations loaded into the nebulizer. Yet, because protocols frequently differ across studies, especially in terms of aerosol generation and delivery, direct study comparisons are difficult. We hypothesized that protocol variations could lead to differences in aerosol delivery efficiency and, consequently, in the dose delivered to the subject, as well as in the response. Thirteen nebulization patterns containing common protocol variations (nebulization time, duty cycle, particle size spectrum, air humidity, and/or ventilation profile) and using increasing concentrations of methacholine and broadband forced oscillations (flexiVent, SCIREQ, Montreal, Qc, Canada) were created, characterized, and studied in anesthetized naïve A/J mice. A delivered dose estimate calculated from nebulizer-, ventilator-, and subject-specific characteristics was introduced and used to account for protocol variations. Results showed that nebulization protocol variations significantly affected the fraction of aerosol reaching the subject site and the delivered dose, as well as methacholine reactivity and sensitivity in mice. From the protocol variants studied, addition of a slow deep ventilation profile during nebulization was identified as a key factor for optimization of the technique. The study also highlighted sensitivity differences within the lung, as well as the possibility that airway responses could be selectively enhanced by adequate control of nebulizer and ventilator settings. Reporting results in terms of delivered doses represents an important standardizing element for assessment of airway hyperresponsiveness in mice.

show abstract

Anaesthetic Management

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Design and evaluation of a low-cost respiratory monitoring device for use with anaesthetized animals

Design and evaluation of a low-cost respiratory monitoring device for use with anaesthetized animals

Optimizing anesthetic regimen for surgery in mice through minimization of hemodynamic, metabolic, and inflammatory perturbations

Delivered dose estimate to standardize airway hyperresponsiveness assessment in mice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About