Anaesthetic and analgesic agents

Flecknell, Paul

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818268-0.00006-1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 208 publications

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“…To prevent postoperative dehydration, 10 mL/kg of sterile normal saline was injected subcutaneously. Carprofen (5 mg/kg) and enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg), respectively, were injected subcutaneously to prevent infection and alleviate pain 11,12 . The mice were rested in a warmed cage and allowed to recover from anesthesia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simple procedure for assessing diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage successfully created using filament perforation method in mice

Mutoh,

Tochinai,

Aono

et al. 2023

Anim Models and Exp Med

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The murine model of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a valuable experimental tool for investigating molecular and cellular mechanisms, and the endovascular filament perforation technique can be used to simulate prominent pathophysiological features observed after human SAH; however, current validation methods for assessing an appropriate SAH model are limited. Here, we introduce a simple procedure for selecting a mouse model of diffuse SAH. SAH was induced in 24 mice using a standard filament perforation method. After confirming survival at 24 h, SAH was scored 0–1 based on T2*‐weighted images on whole‐brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and visual surveillance of the cisterna magna (CM) through the dura mater. The CM‐based SAH grading correlated well with a reference parameter defined by extracted brain (r2 = 0.53, p < 0.0001). The receiver operating characteristic curve revealed a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 91% for detecting diffuse SAH, with a similar area under the curve (0.89 ± 0.06 [standard error of the mean]) as the MRI‐based grading (0.72 ± 0.10, p = 0.12). Our data suggest that confirming an SAH clot in the CM is a valuable way to select a clinically relevant diffuse SAH model that can be used in future experimental studies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carprofen (5 mg/kg) and enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg), respectively, were injected subcutaneously to prevent infection and alleviate pain. 11 , 12 The mice were rested in a warmed cage and allowed to recover from anesthesia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple procedure for assessing diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage successfully created using filament perforation method in mice

Mutoh,

Tochinai,

Aono

et al. 2023

Anim Models and Exp Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Validation of the anesthetic effect of a mixture of remimazolam, medetomidine, and butorphanol in three mouse strains

Watanabe,

Nikaido,

Sasaki

2024

Exp. Anim.

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Proper administration of anesthesia is indispensable for the ethical treatment of lab animals in biomedical research. Therefore, selecting an effective anesthesia protocol is pivotal for the design and success of experiments. Hence, continuous development and refinement of anesthetic agents are imperative to improve research outcomes and elevate animal welfare. “Balanced anesthesia” involves using multiple drugs to optimize efficacy while minimizing side effects. The medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol, called MMB, and medetomidine, alfaxalone, and butorphanol, called MAB, are popular in Japan. However, the drawbacks of midazolam, including its extended recovery time, and the narrow safety margin of MAB, have prompted research for suitable alternatives. This study replaced midazolam in the MMB combination with remimazolam (RMZ), which is noted for its ultra-short half-life. The resulting combination, called MRB, was effective in providing a wider safety margin compared to MAB while maintaining an anesthesia depth equivalent level to that of MMB in mice. Notably, MRB consistently exhibited better recovery scores after antagonist administration in contrast to MMB. Furthermore, the re-sedation phenomenon observed with MMB was not observed with MRB. The rapid metabolism of RMZ enables reliable anesthesia induction, circumventing the complications linked to MAB. Overall, MRB excelled in providing extended surgical anesthesia and swift post-antagonist recovery. These results highlight the potential of RMZ for broader animal research applications.

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Trans-Cinnamaldehyde Primes More Robust Channel Catfish Immune Responses to Edwardsiella ictaluri Infection

Ramachandran,

Ford,

Gomaa

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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Infection with Edwardsiella ictaluri, a causative agent of enteric septicemia of catfish, threatens profitable catfish production through inventory losses. We previously demonstrated that trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) enhances the survival of catfish following E. ictaluri infection. The present study was conducted to investigate catfish immune responses to TC feeding and E. ictaluri infection. The expression of 13 proinflammatory, innate, and adaptive immune-related genes was evaluated over time in two sets of experiments using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the first experiment, catfish were fed a basal diet with or without TC supplementation, while in the second they were fed a TC-supplemented or normal diet followed by infection with E. ictaluri. The catfish group infected with E. ictaluri and fed a TC-diet showed significant changes in the expression of innate and adaptive immune-related genes compared to control group. At 21 and 28 days post-infection, recovered fish showed significant increases in the expression of IgM in the anterior kidney and spleen. These results suggest that the supplemental dietary intake of TC can improve the immune status of catfish via engaging innate and adaptive immune responses and the production of memory cells in immunocompetent tissues. Together, this study provides an important foundation for the potential application of TC as an antimicrobial alternative in aquaculture.

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Anaesthetic and analgesic agents

Cited by 3 publications

References 208 publications

Simple procedure for assessing diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage successfully created using filament perforation method in mice

Simple procedure for assessing diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage successfully created using filament perforation method in mice

Validation of the anesthetic effect of a mixture of remimazolam, medetomidine, and butorphanol in three mouse strains

Trans-Cinnamaldehyde Primes More Robust Channel Catfish Immune Responses to Edwardsiella ictaluri Infection

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