Anaesthesia for patients with a transplanted organ

Toivonen, Heikki

doi:10.1034/j.1399-6576.2000.440708.x

Cited by 30 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 193 publications

(459 reference statements)

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“…Studies on the behaviors of ZnO in the melts, however, are limited, and some of that was done in the terms of its effect on the activity of PbO. 31,33) Table 1 shows the activity of ZnO in PbO-ZnO-SiO 2 melts at 1 273 K by L. Toivonen and A. Taskinen.…”

Section: Solubility and Activity Of Zinc And Lead Oxides Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the Melts Some experimental measurements on the solubility and activity of PbO in melts have been carried out, such as PbO in CaO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -PbO from 1 583 to 1 703 K, 30) in PbO-ZnO-SiO 2 from 1 173 to 1 273 K, 31) and in PbOMgO-SiO 2 from 1 173 to 1 273 K. 32) They suggested a similar tendency, the activity of PbO increased with an increasing X PbO /X SiO2 ratio in the melts system, and the addition of CaO or MgO to the melts increased the activity of PbO. It means in molten slag basicity is a governing factor about the solubility of PbO.…”

Section: Solubility and Activity Of Zinc And Lead Oxides Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Chlorine on the Vaporization Behavior of Zinc and Lead during High Temperature Treatment of Dust and Fly Ash

Zhang¹,

Kasai²

2004

ISIJ International

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Smelting process is a practical method to treat incineration ash of solid wastes in terms of volume reduction and decomposition/immobilization of toxic materials. In this process, chlorine is a key element to determine the removal ratio of heavy metals such as zinc and lead. The present paper is aiming to give a general review of researches on the effect of chlorine on the vaporization behavior of zinc and lead in molten slag. First, the basic information such as solubility/activity of chlorine in the slag, vaporization mechanism and kinetics relating to chlorides during heat treatment of fly ash are summarized. Then, the vaporization behaviors of zinc, lead and their chlorides during heating are discussed together with important process factors such as atmosphere, temperature, chemical composition and slag matrix. Further, some information on the oxychlorides of Zn and Pb are introduced.KEY WORDS: vaporization behavior; heavy metals; chlorine; molten slag. * Heavy metals: There has not been a unified definition for them. Generally, it refers to compounds of metals, such as lead, zinc and copper, which become toxic when concentrated in the environment.12) Further, it is often used as a group name for metals and semimetals (metalloids) associated with contamination and potential toxicity.

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Section: Solubility and Activity Of Zinc And Lead Oxides Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solubility and Activity Of Zinc And Lead Oxides Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chlorine on the Vaporization Behavior of Zinc and Lead during High Temperature Treatment of Dust and Fly Ash

Zhang¹,

Kasai²

2004

ISIJ International

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“…The changes found are likely due to the increase in the physiological dead space, resulting from the major changes in the ventilation/perfusion ratio. A review of transplant recipients (17) revealed that decreased diffusing capacity of the lung for CO 2 is common in lung grafts. The PCV strategy is theoretically more likely to promote lower PaCO 2 levels and a lower dead space volume/V T ratio due to its propensity to promote a better intra-alveolar gas distribution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influência da estratégia ventilatória no desempenho funcional de enxertos pulmonares em um modelo experimental de transplante pulmonar unilateral de doadores após parada cardiocirculatória

et al. 2010

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Objective: To compare the influence of two different ventilation strategies-volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) and pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV)-on the functional performance of lung grafts in a canine model of unilateral left lung transplantation using donor lungs harvested after three hours of normothermic cardiocirculatory arrest under mechanical ventilation. Methods: The study comprised 40 mongrel dogs, randomized into two groups: VCV and PCV. Of the 20 recipients, 5 did not survive the transplant, and 5 died before the end of the post-transplant assessment period. The remaining 10 survivors (5 in each group) were evaluated for 360 min after lung transplantation. The functional performance of the grafts was evaluated regarding respiratory mechanics, gas exchange, and lung graft histology. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups regarding respiratory mechanics (peak inspiratory pressure, plateau pressure, mean airway pressure, dynamic compliance, and static compliance) or gas exchange variables (PaO 2 , venous oxygen tension, PaCO 2 , venous carbon dioxide tension, and the arterial-venous oxygen content difference). The histopathological findings were consistent with nonspecific acute lung injury and did not differ between the groups. Conclusions: This model of lung transplantation showed that the functional performance of lung grafts was not influenced by the ventilation strategy employed during the first six hours after reperfusion.Keywords: Pulmonary ventilation; Respiration, artificial; Lung transplantation; Dogs; Organ preservation. ResumoObjetivo: Comparar a influência de duas estratégias ventilatórias -ventilação controlada a volume (VCV) e ventilação controlada a pressão (VCP) -no desempenho funcional de enxertos pulmonares em um modelo canino de transplante pulmonar unilateral esquerdo, utilizando-se doadores cujos pulmões foram captados após três horas de parada cardiocirculatória em temperatura ambiente e sob ventilação mecânica. Métodos: O estudo incluiu 40 cães mestiços randomizados nos grupos VCV e VCP. Dos 20 receptores, 5 não sobreviveram ao transplante, e 5 não sobreviveram ao período de avaliação pós-transplante. Os 10 receptores sobreviventes (5 em cada grupo) foram avaliados durante 360 min após o término do transplante pulmonar. O desempenho funcional dos enxertos foi estudado através da avaliação da mecânica respiratória, trocas gasosas e histologia do enxerto. Resultados: Não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos quanto às variáveis de mecânica respiratória (pressão de pico inspiratória, pressão de platô, pressão média de vias aéreas, complacência dinâmica e complacência estática) e de trocas gasosas (PaO 2 , pressão venosa mista de oxigênio, PaCO 2 , pressão venosa mista de CO 2 e diferença arteriovenosa de oxigênio). As alterações histopatológicas foram compatíveis com o padrão de lesão pulmonar aguda não específica e não diferiram entre os grupos. Conclusões: Este modelo de transplante pulmonar mostrou que o desempenho funcional do...

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“…80–160 µg/l and target peak drug levels (C2; 2 h after drug intake) 500–700 µg/l 12 months after transplantation if renal function is normal]. If kidney impairment occurs, reduction of the nephrotoxic immunosuppressive drugs and other drugs is required, aiming for a good allograft function and prevention of further deterioration of renal function [19,31,32]. …”

Section: Immunosuppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dose adjustments are required especially when drug regimens are changed and drug interactions occur [2]. The adverse effects of cyclosporine need to be taken into account when the patient’s clinical condition deteriorates, for example if the renal function is progressively impaired [2,32]. As is common practice elsewhere, we taper the steroid dose to a 0.1–0.15 mg/kg/day maintenance dose beyond 12 months after transplantation and additionally aim for a suppressed lymphocyte count as a marker for the therapeutic effect of MMF.…”

Section: Immunosuppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Approach to Emergencies in Lung Transplant Recipients: How We Do It

et al. 2012

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Lung transplant recipients (LTRs) are prone to medical complications and emergencies due to the transplanted organ being in constant direct contact with the environment and the need for life-long profound immunosuppression (IS). As a result of these specific circumstances, the medical and surgical management of LTRs frequently differs from usual standard care. Therefore, we outline here some of the principles we take into account when dealing with the most frequent medical emergencies encountered in our lung transplant cohort in Zurich. The main topics dealt with are: diagnostics and treatment of infections, gastrointestinal emergencies, IS and other medication issues as well as work-up of unclear inflammatory signs and peri-operative precautions in LTRs. Early post-operative transplant complications, rare medical emergencies and surgical problems are not covered. Our report is intended to help internists and pulmonologists new to the field to obtain a better understanding of the peculiarities of LTRs and their management.

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Anaesthesia for patients with a transplanted organ

Cited by 30 publications

References 193 publications

Effect of Chlorine on the Vaporization Behavior of Zinc and Lead during High Temperature Treatment of Dust and Fly Ash

Effect of Chlorine on the Vaporization Behavior of Zinc and Lead during High Temperature Treatment of Dust and Fly Ash

Influência da estratégia ventilatória no desempenho funcional de enxertos pulmonares em um modelo experimental de transplante pulmonar unilateral de doadores após parada cardiocirculatória

Practical Approach to Emergencies in Lung Transplant Recipients: How We Do It

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