Anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing fatty acids in upflow reactors

Modelling anaerobic biofilm reactors—A review

“…The different zones of a UASB reactor are modelled as continuos stirred tank reactors (CSTR) or plug flow reactors (PFR) having dead volume with bypass flow between the zones (Bolle et al, 1986;Van der Meer, 1979;Wu and Hickey, 1997). The flow behaviour within a zone mainly depends on the concentration and characteristics of the biomass (Ojha and Singh, 2002).…”

Viewpoint 1

“…Hormones are unlikely players in the pathogenesis of HS: increased sebum excretion and other signs of cutaneous virilization are not seen, although single cases have been published to suggest this (16–19). Similarly, the use of depilatories and other cosmetics are not associated with the disease (20,21). Scarring is prominent, but often overlooked in this disease.…”

Is mechanical stress an important pathogenic factor in hidradenitis suppurativa?

“…Treatment of HS is challenging and includes topical and/or systemic antibiotics, immunosuppressive drugs as well as surgery (5). Because the predilection sites of HS (8) are rich in apocrine sweat glands, HS was initially considered an inflammatory process originating from these glands (5). However, histological examination of HS lesions demonstrated apocrinitis only in a minority of cases, suggesting that apocrinitis is a secondary event (9).…”