Anaerobic threshold and the determination of training target heart rates in premenarchal girls

Rowland, Thomas W.; Green, Gerald M.

doi:10.1007/bf02309918

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] Among all included trials, 12 studies (60%) used the Tanner-Whitehouse evaluation scale to analyze children's maturation. 20 One study chose the Weber method, 21 whereas one identified the sample as pre-menarchal and therefore this analysis considered the population as prepubertal.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 One study chose the Weber method, 21 whereas one identified the sample as pre-menarchal and therefore this analysis considered the population as prepubertal. 23 The remaining 7 trials provided no evaluation of maturation, as shown in 1.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 All trials mentioned the criteria used to evaluate the maximal testing level. Sixteen trials [21][22][23][24][25][38][39] chose more than one of the following methods for maximal CPX consideration: (i): exhaustion in 17 trials (85%); (ii) very…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A meta-analysis of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in pre-pubertal healthy children produces new information

Tavares¹,

Bocchi²,

Neto³

et al. 2016

Medical Express

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The objective of the paper was to analyze cardiopulmonary data and functional capacity in healthy children who have undergone ergospirometry. A systematic meta-analysis review of ergospirometry in children was performed based on reports indexed in PubMed, Bireme, and Embase. End points were age, sex, body mass index, maturation evaluation, the type of ergometer used for ergospirometry, and cardiopulmonary related values (peak heart rate and peak oxygen consumption [VO 2 ]). Twenty articles were selected, which included 3,808 children, averaging 9.1years of age. A treadmill was used in 55% of the trials, and a cycle ergometer in the other 45% studies included in this analysis. The following statistically significant results were found: on subgroup analysis, peak VO 2 values in boys on the treadmill was 20% higher than peak VO 2 values in girls on the cycle ergometer; peak VO 2 values in boys on the treadmill were 18% greater than that for girls on the same ergometer. BMI was inversely correlated with peak VO 2 in the total analysis, and in female subjects on cycle ergometers. Peak heart rate during the ergospirometrical test was 5.6 BPM higher than the estimated 95% maximum heart rate. Most of the ergospirometrical parameters had not been reported in the original trials analyzed here. We conclude that peak VO 2 value for pre-pubertal children are circa 18% higher in boys vs. girls and overall higher in treadmill vs. cycle ergometers.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A meta-analysis of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in pre-pubertal healthy children produces new information

Tavares¹,

Bocchi²,

Neto³

et al. 2016

Medical Express

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show abstract

“…The VAT may be used to establish a target heart rate for aerobic training and rehabilitation programs [5,17]. It also has been used to estimate aerobic fitness in subjects who otherwise would not tolerate maximal exercise testing [14], and it has been used to provide training guidelines for athletes [9,18].…”

Section: Ventilatory Anaerobic Thresholdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorespiratory Testing: Anaerobic Threshold/Respiratory Threshold

Washington¹

1999

Pediatr Cardiol

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Complete exercise testing is more than simply running on a treadmill or riding on a cycle ergometer. These simple measures may be used to evaluate endurance, peak heart rate, blood pressure, and the presence or absence of dysrhythmias during exercise. With the use of rapid gas analyzers and microcomputers, information about ventilation, oxygen supply and use, and the metabolism at the muscle level may be obtained noninvasively. The concept of the ventilatory anaerobic threshold and the transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism during a graded exercise test are discussed. Tests that evaluate only anaerobic performance (i.e., the Wingate test) will not be discussed. Gas Exchange During ExerciseThe amount of oxygen required to perform a given amount of work exclusively aerobically is known and appears to be independent of the degree of fitness, age, or gender of the subject [8,22]. Thus, the failure of the circulation to deliver oxygen at the required rate to sustain exercise will slow the rate of aerobic regeneration of ATP by the muscle. The oxygen supply to the exercising muscles depends on the blood flow, hemoglobin concentration, the partial pressure of oxygen in the patient's arterial blood, and the iron content of the patient's blood. Failure of the circulation to deliver oxygen at the rate needed to sustain exercise will limit the rate of aerobic regeneration of ATP and the oxygen consumption by the muscles (VO 2 ).At very low exercise intensities, the concentration of the blood lactate is nearly identical to levels recorded at rest. At some particular level of exercise intensity, which varies among subjects, blood lactate concentration begins to increase. As the oxygen demand of the exercising muscle exceeds the oxygen supply, anaerobic metabolism is used to supply the energy required to continue work. Lactic acid is a by-product of this anaerobic metabolism. Once formed, lactic acid will be almost completely dissociated in the serum, and it is buffered predominantly by the bicarbonate system.

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“…The percentage of "QO2m~ corresponding to the anaerobic threshold differs in children depending on whether ventilatory criteria [2,3,24,27,29] or lactate criteria [8,19,28] are employed, the latter resulting in distinctly higher percentages than ventilatory criteria. Whether or not anaerobic threshold can be substituted by ventilatory anaerobic threshold or whether agreement between the two is purely coincidental is still controversial [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen deficit and blood lactate in prepubertal boys during exercise above the anaerobic threshold

et al. 1993

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Recent studies have shown that in boys a steady-state of blood lactate is maintained at exercise levels above the anaerobic threshold. Therefore, the explanation hitherto provided for the steeper increase in blood lactate beyond the anaerobic threshold, i.e. the onset of anaerobic metabolism, needs modification. Investigations were carried out in ten boys, aged 11-12 years, during treadmill running. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and maximal blood lactate were determined during incremental exercise. Subsequently each boy performed four runs at different high constant speeds of 16 min duration, in order to determine maximal steady-state blood lactate. The underlying data also served to estimate roughly the lactate anaerobic threshold. Oxygen uptaken (VO2) was measured at 0.5 min intervals during the initial 7.5 min of each constant-speed run. Maximal steady-state blood lactate was 5.6 mmol/l corresponding to 92% of VO2max. The mean blood lactate at which the anaerobic threshold was reached or just exceeded was 2.7 mmol/l corresponding to 82% of VO2max. Oxygen transport transient kinetics were computed from the mean 0.5 min VO2-values during the constant-speed runs near the maximal steady-state blood lactate and from runs near the anaerobic threshold. Half-times of VO2 response were shorter than values previously reported for adults due to a faster increase in VO2 at the onset of exercise. Half-times increased with increasing work rates as did the oxygen deficit, due to a slower increase in VO2 along with a longer time required to attain a steady-state at higher work rates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Anaerobic threshold and the determination of training target heart rates in premenarchal girls

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

A meta-analysis of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in pre-pubertal healthy children produces new information

A meta-analysis of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in pre-pubertal healthy children produces new information

Cardiorespiratory Testing: Anaerobic Threshold/Respiratory Threshold

Oxygen deficit and blood lactate in prepubertal boys during exercise above the anaerobic threshold

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