Anaerobic threshold alterations caused by endurance training in middle-aged men

Davis, James A.; Frank, Morton H.; Whipp, Brian J.; Wasserman, Karlman

doi:10.1152/jappl.1979.46.6.1039

Cited by 414 publications

(217 citation statements)

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“…O 2 for the young group only, as well as an increase in power peak for both groups. This increase in aerobic capacity has been documented in other studies (10,15,16,21,22) for both anaerobic threshold and peak V . O 2 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Effects of aerobic exercise training on heart rate variability during wakefulness and sleep and cardiorespiratory responses of young and middle-aged healthy men

Catai

Chacon-Mikahil

Martinelli

et al. 2002

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of aerobic physical training (APT) on heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiorespiratory responses at peak condition and ventilatory anaerobic threshold. Ten young (Y: median = 21 years) and seven middle-aged (MA = 53 years) healthy sedentary men were studied. Dynamic exercise tests were performed on a cycloergometer using a continuous ramp protocol (12 to 20 W/min) until exhaustion. A dynamic 24-h electrocardiogram was analyzed by time (TD) (standard deviation of mean R-R intervals) and frequency domain (FD) methods. The power spectral components were expressed as absolute (a) and normalized units (nu) at low (LF) and high (HF) frequencies and as the LF/HF ratio. Control (C) condition: HRV in TD (Y: 108, MA: 96 ms; P<0.05) and FD -LFa, HFa -was significantly higher in young (1030; 2589 ms 2 /Hz) than in middle-aged men (357; 342 ms 2 /Hz) only during sleep (P<0.05); posttraining effects: resting bradycardia (P<0.05) in the awake condition in both groups; V . O 2 increased for both groups at anaerobic threshold (P<0.05), and at peak condition only in young men; HRV in TD and FD (a and nu) was not significantly changed by training in either groups. The vagal predominance during sleep is reduced with aging. The resting bradycardia induced by short-term APT in both age groups suggests that this adaptation is much more related to intrinsic alterations in sinus node than in efferent vagal-sympathetic modulation. Furthermore, the greater alterations in V . O 2 than in HRV may be related to short-term APT.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Effects of aerobic exercise training on heart rate variability during wakefulness and sleep and cardiorespiratory responses of young and middle-aged healthy men

Catai

Chacon-Mikahil

Martinelli

et al. 2002

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…As will be considered below, each of these improvements can be considered to enhance exercise tolerance through the model outlined in Figure 7. A characteristic feature of the physiological adaptation to endurance training is a rightward shift in the blood lactate concentrationÁV O 2 relationship with a commensurate increase in the V O 2 (and power output) at the lactate threshold (Davis, Frank, Whipp, & Wasserman, 1979;Denis, Fouquet, Poty, Geyssant, & Lacour, 1982;Jones, 2006;. The mechanistic basis for this effect need not detain us.…”

Section: Responses To Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen uptake kinetics as a determinant of sports performance

Burnley

Jones

2007

European Journal of Sport Science

348

344

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It is well known that physiological variables such as maximal oxygen uptake (V O 2max ), exercise economy, the lactate threshold, and critical power are highly correlated with endurance exercise performance. In this review, we explore the basis for these relationships by explaining the influence of these ''traditional'' variables on the dynamic profiles of the V O 2 response to exercise of different intensities, and how these differences in V O 2 dynamics are related to exercise tolerance and fatigue. The existence of a ''slow component'' of V O 2 during exercise above the lactate threshold reduces exercise efficiency and mandates a greater consumption of endogenous fuel stores (chiefly muscle glycogen) for muscle respiration. For higher exercise intensities (above critical power), steady states in blood acid Ábase status and pulmonary gas exchange are not attainable and V O 2 will increase with time until V O 2max is reached. Here, we show that it is the interaction of the V O 2 slow component, V O 2max , and the ''anaerobic capacity'' that determines the exercise tolerance. Essentially, we take the view that an appreciation of the various exercise intensity ''domains'' and their characteristic effects on V O 2 dynamics can be helpful in improving our understanding of the determinants of exercise tolerance and the limitations to endurance sports performance. The reciprocal effects of interventions such as training, prior exercise, and manipulations of muscle oxygen availability on aspects of V O 2 kinetics and exercise tolerance are consistent with this view.

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“…Expired gas was collected and rates of oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) and carbon dioxide production (VCO 2 ) were measured breath-by-breath using the cardiopulmonary gas exchange system (Oxycon Alpha, Mijnhrdt b.v., Netherlands). Ventilatory threshold (VT) was determined by the standard of Wasserman et al, 21 Davis et al, 22 and the V-slope method of Beaver et al 23 At VT, VO 2 (ml/kg/min), work rate (WR), and HR (beats/min) were measured and recorded.…”

Section: Visceral and Subcutaneous Fat Areas And Percentage Body Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum bFGF levels are reduced in Japanese overweight men and restored by a 6-month exercise education

et al. 2003

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OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether the changes in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) concentrations before and after weight reduction in Japanese overweight men are associated with changes in body mass index (BMI), visceral, subcutaneous fat, VO 2 and work rate (WR) at ventilatory threshold (VT). DESIGN: Cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical intervention study with exercise education. SUBJECTS: In total, 30 Japanese overweight men (BMI, 29.072.2 kg/m 2 ) and 31 normal-weight men (BMI, 22.571.6 kg/m 2 ) at baseline were enrolled: 30 overweight men (BMI, 29.072.2 kg/m 2 ) were further enrolled into a 6-month exercise program. MEASUREMENTS: Fat distribution evaluated by visceral fat (V) and subcutaneous fat (S) areas measured with computed tomography scanning at umbilical levels, angiogenic peptides including VEGF and bFGF, exercise tests at baseline and after 6 months. RESULTS: In normal-weight and overweight subjects at baseline, VEGF positively correlated with S area (r ¼ 0.350, P ¼ 0.007) but not with V area. In contrast, bFGF negatively correlated with BMI (r ¼ À0.619, Po0.001), S (r ¼ À0.457, Po0.001) and V areas (r ¼ À0.466, Po0.001). By intervention with exercise education, 30 overweight subjects showed reduction in BMI (29.072.2 to 28.072.0, Po0.001), V and S areas, increase in VO 2 and WR at VT, increase in bFGF (9.2175.82-21.277.04 ng/ ml, Po0.001), and no change in VEGF (1.4570.72-1.8870.52 ng/ml, P ¼ 0.016). The stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that DBMI (b ¼ À6.052) and DVO 2 (b ¼ 2.806) were independently related to DbFGF (Po0.001) and all other variables including DS area, and DV area, and DWR did not enter the equation at significant levels. CONCLUSION: The present study indicated a negative correlation between serum bFGF levels and BMI at baseline as well as an association of DBMI and DVO 2 with DbFGF after exercise intervention. The exercise-induced elevation of bFGF may be beneficial in the prevention of the atherosclerosis in overweight subjects.

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Anaerobic threshold alterations caused by endurance training in middle-aged men

Cited by 414 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of aerobic exercise training on heart rate variability during wakefulness and sleep and cardiorespiratory responses of young and middle-aged healthy men

Effects of aerobic exercise training on heart rate variability during wakefulness and sleep and cardiorespiratory responses of young and middle-aged healthy men

Oxygen uptake kinetics as a determinant of sports performance

Serum bFGF levels are reduced in Japanese overweight men and restored by a 6-month exercise education

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