Anaerobic Pre-treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater using Packed Bed Reactor

Chelliapan, S.; Yuzir, Ali; Din, MF; Sallis, Paul J.

doi:10.7763/ijcea.2011.v2.71

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The effluents which come out of such industries are highly hazardous and toxic. Pharmaceutical effluents have a greater impact on human health and environmental exposure due to their acute toxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenic effects [ 1 ]. It is challenging to treat pharmaceutical wastewater to meet with the effluent standards because of the different types of drug production in the pharmaceutical industry [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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[Retracted] Treatment of Pharma Effluent using Anaerobic Packed Bed Reactor

Vijayan

Mohan²,

Nivetha

et al. 2022

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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The treatment of pharmaceutical effluent using an appropriate technology has become so important. Anaerobic packed bed reactor is an efficient method for pharmaceutical effluent treatment because of the high organic content present in it. In this study, a heavy-polluted pharma effluent is treated using an anaerobic packed bed reactor. The performance of the anaerobic reactor was identified with respect to chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, methane yield, and gas production. The results showed that COD was reduced from 73% to 60% for an organic loading rate (OLR) of 0.6036–1.7487 kg COD m−3·d−1. As the OLR increases, the removal efficiency of COD decreases gradually to around 52% for an OLR of 2.34 kg COD m−3·d−1.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-rate systems have less HRT and more sludge retention time, and it can be used to treat different wastewaters. Low rate systems are used to digest slurries and have a high HRT [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] Treatment of Pharma Effluent using Anaerobic Packed Bed Reactor

Vijayan

Mohan²,

Nivetha

et al. 2022

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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“…In spite of the fact that the volume of untreated or entirely treated pharmaceutical industrial wastewater is little, it contains a high level of pollutants because of the presence of non-biodegradable organic matter such as antibiotics, other prescription drugs, non-prescription drugs, animal and plant steroids, reproductive hormones, betalactamides, anti-inflammatories, analgesics, lipid regulators, anti-depressants, cytostatic agents, personal care products, detergent metabolites, flame retardants, product of oil use and combustion, and other broadly used chemicals, i.e., spent solvents, reaction residues, used filter media, etc., heavy metals (such as lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, and chromium), and other pollutants (Babaahmadi et al 2017;Ramola and Singh 2013;Vuppala et al 2012;Chelliapan et al 2011). Pharmaceutical industrial wastewater contains toxic and hazardous substances, the majority of which can be unfavorable to human well-being.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of pharmaceuticals industrial effluent using GC–MS and FT-IR analyses and defining its toxicity

Kumari

Tripathi

2019

Appl Water Sci

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The physicochemical analysis of collected effluent sample for different parameters shown results as pH (pH 5.6 ± 0.11) slightly acidic, high conductivity (1563.34 ± 176 μs cm −1), total dissolved solids (920.34 ± 137 mg L −1), high BOD (7253.34 ± 1022 mg L −1), and COD (756.67 ± 1124 mg L −1) in the effluent sample. The results of heavy metals concentration are viz. as [Cu (1.98-2.56), Co (0.26-0.53), Cd (0.10-0.50), Ni (0.04-0.07), Pb (0.58-1.2), Mn (0.58-1.05), Cr (1.47-1.51), Zn (2.61-3.5), Fe (1.72-2.13), As (0.05-0.09), and Hg (0.003-0.006)]. Results revealed the higher concentration of BOD, COD, TDS, and conductivity and also the concentration of lead. Results of GC-MS also confirmed the high levels of organic pollutants in effluent. Further the effluent toxicity was evaluated by employing genotoxocity assays with the use of Allium cepa L. (onion) root tip cells. Genotoxicity measured mitotic index (MI) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in root tip cells obtained after treatment with effluent of 6.25, 12.5, and 25% concentration (v/v). The results of root growth test showed that inhibition of root growth occurred at effluent concentration ≥ 50% (v/v). The lowest MI was recorded (MI = 9.6%) in 25% of effluent concentration, showing a significant reduction in mitotic index compared with control which MI = 64.1%. Further, the chromosomal aberration was investigated in root tip cell after treating with different concentration ranges of effluent exhibiting various CA, viz. c-mitosis, chromosome loss, chromosome break, micronucleated cells, etc. The result suggests that the effluent contained toxic constituents, which imposed cytotoxic and genotoxic hazard.

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“…Although valuable information regarding the adsorption capacity and rates is obtained in such studies, it is important to further explore the applicability of those experiments in a real wastewater treatment system. To achieve this, adsorption studies using fixed-bed column configuration is the most desirable experimental set up which may demonstrate the application of adsorption in continuous wastewater treatment processes (Chelliapan et al, 2011). Besides, fixed-bed operation offers enhanced adsorption performance due to maximal utilization of the capacity and minimal attrition of the adsorbent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Multi-active-blue Dye from Aqueous Phase using Magnetic Poly-pyrrole Nano-composites: Fixed-bed Adsorption Studies

Muliwa¹,

Mecha²,

Grobler³

et al. 2016

RJASET

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The aim of this study was to explore the use of adsorption in the removal of synthetic dyes in water bodies. These dyes pose a serious threat to both aquatic and human lives because of their toxicity and persistence in the environment. There is therefore an urgent need to remove them from water before discharge to the environment. Many of the current dye treatment methods are generally inefficient and expensive; however, adsorption is the most preferred method due to its inherent benefits such as simplicity, ease of operation, low cost and insensitivity to toxic environments. The study evaluated the removal of Multi-Active-Blue (MAB) dye from aqueous solution using polypyrrole-magnetitenano-composite (PPy/Fe 3 O 4 ) adsorbent in a fixed-bed adsorption column. The influences of initial MAB dye concentration, bed mass and flow rate at the influent stream on the adsorption performance were investigated in an up-flow fashion. Results showed that early breakthrough time (t b ) was attained at high solution flow rates and dye concentrations and low bed mass. Increasing concentration from 50 to 150mg/L resulted in a decrease in ‫ݐ‬ from 610 to 110 min. Furthermore, at the studied conditions, the highest breakthrough time obtained was 690 min at which 228 bed volumes were processed at 1.45g/L Adsorbent Exhaustion Rate (AER).The adsorber design parameters were calculated by fitting the experimental data to the column adsorption models and based on analysis of linear regression coefficients (R 2 ), it was established that the MAB dye adsorption was described best by Yoon-Nelson model throughout the entire breakthrough profile, while Bohart-Adams model fitted only the initial portion of the profiles. Accordingly, it was concluded that PPy-Fe 3 O 4 nano-composite material is a promising adsorbent for cleaning textile dye polluted water.

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Anaerobic Pre-treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater using Packed Bed Reactor

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

[Retracted] Treatment of Pharma Effluent using Anaerobic Packed Bed Reactor

[Retracted] Treatment of Pharma Effluent using Anaerobic Packed Bed Reactor

Characterization of pharmaceuticals industrial effluent using GC–MS and FT-IR analyses and defining its toxicity

Removal of Multi-active-blue Dye from Aqueous Phase using Magnetic Poly-pyrrole Nano-composites: Fixed-bed Adsorption Studies

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