Anaerobic nutrition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. I. Ergosterol requirement for growth in a defined medium

Abstract

Past work in this laboratory has shown that the stationary populations of 8. cerevisiae produced in a yeast extract medium during serial transfer under continuous anaerobic conditions mere quite small, while excellent growth occurred in the presence of oxygen (Brockmann and Stier, '47). It was also shomm that the anaerobic population could be greatly increased by supplementing the medium with various crude materials, such as vegetable oils, malt sprouts and distillers' dried solubles, or their unsaponifiable fractions. This Pesult indicated that sterols might have special significance in the anaerobic growth of yeast (Stier and Scalf, '49; Stier et al., '50; Scalf and Stier, '50).In order to proceed with studies on the role of sterols in anaerobic growth, it was necessary to change from the yeast extract medium that had been used in previous work to a chemically defined basal medium. It is the object of this report to describe this medium and especially to show the effect on anaerobic growth of adding a yeast sterol, ergosterol, to this medium. A comparison of anaerobic and aerobic growth is also given. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURESYeast strnirz. All experiments were conducted with a distillery type yeast; a strain of S. cereuisiae, SC-1 (DCL),

Dynamical Remodeling of the Transcriptome during Short-Term Anaerobiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Differential Response and Role of Msn2 and/or Msn4 and Other Factors in Galactose and Glucose Media

“…Although cells growing on rich medium can typically undergo several (two to three) anaerobic divisions without supplementation, an exogenous source of unsaturated fatty acids and sterol is essential for long-term anaerobic growth (3,4). One of the most striking patterns in gene expression observed during anaerobic growth is the remodeling activity associated with the cell wall and plasma membrane.…”

“…Lipids and sterols. Although it has long been known that an exogenous source of unsaturated fatty acid and sterol is essential for long-term anaerobic growth in S. cerevisiae (3,4), a more complete picture of the anoxia-induced remodeling in these pathways is revealed here. Notably, this remodeling is fairly specific for sterol and sphingolipid pathways, with very few genes for phospholipid or fatty acid synthesis (save for AAC1 and OLE1) showing changes in expression.…”

Kinetics of growth and sugar consumption in yeasts

“…In fact, with the notable exception of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, none of the type species of the 75 yeast genera are able to grow under strictly anaerobic conditions with specific growth rates higher than 0.10 h -1 (Visser et al 1990). Even in the case of S. cerevisiae, anaerobic growth conditions impose additional growth factor requirements (in particular ergosterol, nicotinic acid and unsaturated fatty acids; Andreasen & Stier 1953, 1954Schatzmann 1975). The biosynthesis of these compounds involves oxygenation reactions and they therefore have to be included in the growth medium to allow anaerobic growth.…”

Effect of Lipids and Oxygen on Yeast Growth and the Biosynthesis of Acetoin During Fermentation

“…In this connection it has been reported that this effect is not caused by insufficiency of ergosterol in the medium, but rather reflects a diminished requirement for crgosterol under anaerobic growth owing to lack of normal mitochondrial structures. 1 The concentration of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids in lipid-dcplcted cultures follows a pattern similar to that of ergosterol during anaerobic conditions. (Table I).…”