Anaerobic Growth of
            <i>Thiobacillus ferrooxidans</i>

Pronk, Jack T.; Bruyn, Johanna C. de; Bos, P.; Kuenen, J.G.

doi:10.1128/aem.58.7.2227-2230.1992

Cited by 170 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Other Fe(III)respiring bacteria that have been characterised recently include Geothrix fermentans [29], Geovibrio ferrireducens [30] and the related thermophile Deferribacter thermophilus [31], Ferribacter limneticum, which is unusual in that it can reduce Fe(III) but not Mn(IV), and Sulfurospirillum barnesii [32] (see Sections 4.1 and 4.2). Acidophilic bacteria that are able to grow through the reduction of Fe(III) include Thiobacillus ferrooxidans which uses sulfur as an electron donor for metal reduction [33]. Several hyperthermophilic Archaea and Bacteria have also been shown to grow using Fe(III) as an electron acceptor including Pyrobaculum islandicum, Pyrobaculum aerophilum and Thermotoga maritima [14].…”

Section: Diversity Of Fe(iii)-reducing Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial reduction of metals and radionuclides

Lloyd¹

2003

FEMS Microbiol Rev

567

382

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The microbial reduction of metals has attracted recent interest as these transformations can play crucial roles in the cycling of both inorganic and organic species in a range of environments and, if harnessed, may offer the basis for a wide range of innovative biotechnological processes. Under certain conditions, however, microbial metal reduction can also mobilise toxic metals with potentially calamitous effects on human health. This review focuses on recent research on the reduction of a wide range of metals including Fe(III), Mn(IV) and other more toxic metals such as Cr(VI), Hg(II), Co(III), Pd(II), Au(III), Ag(I), Mo(VI) and V(V). The reduction of metalloids including As(V) and Se(VI) and radionuclides including U(VI), Np(V) and Tc(VII) is also reviewed. Rapid advances over the last decade have resulted in a detailed understanding of some of these transformations at a molecular level. Where known, the mechanisms of metal reduction are discussed, alongside the environmental impact of such transformations and possible biotechnological applications that could utilise these activities.

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Section: Diversity Of Fe(iii)-reducing Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial reduction of metals and radionuclides

Lloyd¹

2003

FEMS Microbiol Rev

567

382

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“…A chemoautotrophic bacterium, capable of disproportionating S 0 or S 2 O 3 2Ϫ and dependent on extracellular ferrihydrite [Fe(OH) 3 ] to scavenge reactive H 2 S, has recently been isolated from anoxic sediments (Finster et al 1998). Although freshwater species have been isolated (Pronk et al 1992), we are unaware of any reports documenting facultative or obligate anaerobes capable of directly reducing oxidized Mn and Fe at the expense of H 2 S, S 0 , or S 2 O 3 2Ϫ while supporting chemoautotrophic growth under marine conditions. Considering both thermodynamic and kinetic arguments, Mn oxide, and, to a lesser extent, Fe oxide, should be almost as energetically favorable as NO 3…”

Section: Temporal Variability In Dic Assimilation-althoughmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemoautotrophy in the redox transition zone of the Cariaco Basin: A significant midwater source of organic carbon production

Taylor

Iabichella

et al. 2001

Limnology & Oceanography

237

287

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During the CARIACO time series program, microbial standing stocks, bacterial production, and acetate turnover were consistently elevated in the redox transition zone (RTZ) of the Cariaco Basin, the depth interval (ϳ240-450 m) of steepest gradient in oxidation-reduction potential. Anomalously high fluxes of particulate carbon were captured in sediment traps below this zone (455 m) in 16 of 71 observations. Here we present new evidence that bacterial chemoautotrophy, fueled by reduced sulfur species, supports an active secondary microbial food web in the RTZ and is potentially a large midwater source of labile, chemically unique, sedimenting biogenic debris to the basin's interior. Dissolved inorganic carbon assimilation (27-159 mmol C m Ϫ2 d Ϫ1 ) in this zone was equivalent to 10%-333% of contemporaneous primary production, depending on the season. However, vertical diffusion rates to the RTZ of electron donors and electron acceptors were inadequate to support this production. Therefore, significant lateral intrusions of oxic waters, mixing processes, or intensive cycling of C, S, N, Mn, and Fe across the RTZ are necessary to balance electron equivalents. Chemoautotrophic production appears to be decoupled temporally from short-term surface processes, such as seasonal upwelling and blooms, and potentially is more responsive to longterm changes in surface productivity and deep-water ventilation on interannual to decadal timescales. Findings suggest that midwater production of organic carbon may contribute a unique signature to the basin's sediment record, thereby altering its paleoclimatological interpretation.

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“…Brock and Gustafson [24] demonstrated that cell suspensions of both Thiobacillus thiooxidans and T. ferrooxidans could couple the anaerobic oxidation of elemental sulfur to the reduction of ferric iron, but did not demonstrate that this was an energy-transducing reaction which could support growth of the organisms. This question was later resolved (in the case of T. ferrooxidans) by the work of Pronk et al [25] who demonstrated unequivocally that this most well-known of all acidophiles is, in fact, a facultative anaerobe. Bridge and Johnson [26] have demonstrated that moderately thermophilic Sulfobacillus spp.…”

Section: Response Of Acidophilic Microorganisms To Molecular Oxygenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity and ecology of acidophilic microorganisms

Johnson

1998

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

412

190

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Microbial life in extremely low pH (<3) natural and man‐made environments may be considerably diverse. Prokaryotic acidophiles (eubacteria and archaea) have been the focus of much of the research activity in this area, primarily because of the importance of these microorganisms in biotechnology (predominantly the commercial biological processing of metal ores) and in environmental pollution (genesis of ‘acid mine drainage’); however, obligately acidophilic eukaryotes (fungi, yeasts, algae and protozoa) are also known, and may form stable microbial communities with prokaryotes, particularly in lower temperature (<35°C) environments. Primary production in acidophilic environments is mediated by chemolitho‐autotrophic prokaryotes (iron and sulfur oxidisers), and may be supplemented by phototrophic acidophiles (predominantly eukaryotic microalgae) in illuminated sites. The most thermophilic acidophiles are archaea (Crenarchaeota) whilst in moderately thermal (40–60°C) acidic environments archaea (Euryarchaeota) and bacteria (mostly Gram‐positives) may co‐exist. Lower temperature (mesophilic) extremely acidic environments tend to be dominated by Gram‐negative bacteria, and there is recent evidence that mineral oxidation may be accelerated by acidophilic bacteria at very low (ca. 0°C) environments. Whilst most acidophiles have conventionally been considered to be obligately aerobic, there is increasing evidence that many isolates are facultative anaerobes, and are able to couple the oxidation of organic or inorganic electron donors to the reduction of ferric iron. A variety of interactions have been demonstrated to occur between acidophilic microorganisms, as in other environments; these include competition, predation, mutualism and synergy. Mixed cultures of acidophiles are frequently more robust and efficient (e.g. in oxidising sulfide minerals) than corresponding pure cultures. In view of the continuing expansion of microbial mineral processing (‘biomining’) as a cost‐effective and environmentally sensitive method of metal extraction, and the ongoing concern of pollution from abandoned mine sites, acidophilic microbiology will continue to be of considerable research interest well into the new millennium.

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Anaerobic Growth of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

Cited by 170 publications

References 12 publications

Microbial reduction of metals and radionuclides

Microbial reduction of metals and radionuclides

Chemoautotrophy in the redox transition zone of the Cariaco Basin: A significant midwater source of organic carbon production

Biodiversity and ecology of acidophilic microorganisms

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