Anaerobic glycolysis and lactic acid accumulation in cold submergedRana pipiens

Christiansen, James A.; Penney, David G.

doi:10.1007/bf00696044

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Invariably when P0 , fell to near or below Pc, individuals became active and, if left in these conditions, died after several hours. In R. pipiens and Bufo terrestris acclimated to so and placed in anoxic water, frogs survived for 2-S d Dady 1964, Christiansen andPenney 1973). Although this time is greater than the intervals observed for R. muscosa in the laboratory, it is much shorter than the weeks or months that tadpoles (and possibly frogs) survive anoxic conditions in the field.…”

Section: Standard Metabolicmentioning

confidence: 95%

Winterkill, Oxygen Relations, and Energy Metabolism of a Submerged Dormant Amphibian, Rana Muscosa

Bradford¹

1983

Ecology

117

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Both larval and metamorphosed Rana muscosa (mountain yellow—legged frog) over—winter for 6—9 mo in ice—covered lakes and streams at high elevation (≤3700 m) in California and Nevada. In some winters almost all the frogs in shallow lakes (<4 m deep) die. This mortality is associated with oxygen depletion, which occurs most rapidly in shallow lakes. However, tadpoles survive for months in nearly anoxic conditions when shallow lakes are frozen to the bottom. In the laboratory at low P02, oxygen metabolism of overwintering tadpoles at 4° differed from that of frogs. The critical oxygen tension (Pc) of tadpoles (1.98 kPa) was significantly lower than for frogs (4.04 kPa). Also, when P02 was greater than Pc, the resting oxygen consumption (V02) of tadpoles partially conformed to P02, whereas the resting V02 of frogs was constant. At the atmosphere P02 of their natural environment (P02 °13.3 kPa), however, the resting V02 of tadpoles was not significantly different from that of frogs. Tadpoles apparently have two advantages over frogs during winter: (1) a greater tolerance of low P02, and (2) a reduced consumption of energy and oxygen at low P02. Unlike a number of anuran species which become dormant on land at temperatures above 4°, the resting V02 of metamorphosed R. muscosa overwintering at 4° was nearly the same as for summer—acclimated individuals in air at 4°. During 7 mo dormancy, the standard metabolic rate of both tadpoles and frogs remained constant. Resulting V02 of frogs in water at 4°, and in air at 15° was related to the 0.83—0.85 power of body mass.

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Section: Standard Metabolicmentioning

confidence: 95%

Winterkill, Oxygen Relations, and Energy Metabolism of a Submerged Dormant Amphibian, Rana Muscosa

Bradford¹

1983

Ecology

117

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“…Effects of ultrasound‐assisted salting at 0–480 W on pH, texture and color of salted‐grass carp were shown in Table . The pH value of salted‐grass carp increased from 6.37 to 6.78 with the increase of ultrasound power from 0 to 480 W. This phenomena might be attributed to ultrasound that led to the destroy of cells of grass carp, thus causing the lactic acid produced by anaerobic glycolysis in slaughtered fish dissolved and permeated to salting solution (Christiansen & Penney ). The hardness of salted grass carp decreased from 2355.0 N to 1581.8 N whereas the elasticity, increasing from 0.70 to 0.84, showed an opposite trend with the increase of ultrasound power, probably because the damages to protein and tissues of salted grass carp increased accordingly.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ultrasound on the physicochemical properties and microstructure of salted‐dried grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Wang

Zheng-xiang

Wang

et al. 2017

J Food Process Engineering

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Ultrasound treatment was used for accelerating drying process and shortening drying time of salted‐dried grass carp, in parallel with evaluation of physicochemical properties and microstructure. The grass carp blocks were salted with ultrasound‐assisted treatment at 0–480 W, 40 kHz for 120 min, then put into heat pump dryer for drying at 50% humidity, 30 °C for 50 hr. The moisture content results showed that ultrasound treatment could significantly promote water loss rate. As the ultrasound power increased, the hardness, the relative content of monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid and total content of free amino acid decreased while the saturated fatty acid and sensory scores increased, respectively. Furthermore, microstructure of the dried‐salted grass carp was studied using paraffin sections and the scanning electron microscope to understand the change of microstructure. In general, ultrasound‐assisted salting significantly increased drying rate, and improved the quality of salted‐dried grass carp. This study shows the potential application of ultrasound in food drying process. Practical applications The ultrasound was applied in order to facilitate the traditional process to produce salted‐dried grass carp. And physicochemical properties and microstructure of salted‐dried fish were measured. The results showed that the application of ultrasound could significantly promote the mass transfer of water and improved the product's appeal for customers. The outcome of this study demonstrated a method for producing better quality dried‐salted fish products with a fast speed in the future and showed a great potential of ultrasound in food drying process.

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“…Such aeration would reduce the possibility of deoxygenation, which can be a major cause of winter mortality in ponds (Bradford 1983). Even a minimal flow of water, as would be found within the substrate, should satisfy the oxygen requirements of hibernating ranids (Christiansen and Penney 1973), especially as they are capable of supplementing normal respiration across the skin surface with buccal respiration (Hutchinson and Whitford 1966). Martof (1953b) noted that larger R. clamitans selected deeper pools in a Michigan stream than did smaller individuals of the same species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Winter habitat of northern leopard frogs, Rana pipiens, in a southern Ontario stream

Cunjak¹

1986

Can. J. Zool.

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CUNJAK, R. A. 1986. Winter habitat of northern leopard frogs, Rana pipiens, in a southern Ontario stream. Can. J. Zool. 64: 255-257. The winter habitat of northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) in a southern Ontario stream is described from underwater snorkeling observations. Rana pipiens were located beneath rubble (13-40 cm diameter) generally where water depths were greater than 85 cm and the mean mid-depth water velocities were 22.5 cm/s. Water temperatures during the winter ranged between 0.5 and 2.1°C. Animals were quite torpid but still capable of swimming after being disturbed. Results from a limited marking study suggest that at least some R. pipiens remain in the same stream section throughout the winter months. Competition for similar winter shelters among various species of the stream community is suggested as a possible cause of reduced stream productivity where the availability of such habitats is limited. CUNJAK, R. A. 1986. Winter habitat of northern leopard frogs, Rana pipiens, in a southern Ontario stream. Can. J. Zool. 64: 255-257. Des observations sous l'eau permettent de decrire l'habitat d'hiver de la grenouille leopard (Rana pipiens) dans un ruisseau du sud de l'ontario. Les grenouilles se tiennent sous des moellons (13-40 cm de diamktre), generalement 8 des profondeurs supdrieures 8 85 cm, 18 oh la vitesse moyenne de l'eau 8 mi-profondeur est de 22,5 cm/s. En hiver, la temperature de l'eau varie entre 0,5 et 2,1°C. Les grenouilles sont trks engourdies, mais encore capables de nager lorsqu'elles sont dkrangees. Des marquages 8 une petite echelle ont permis d'ktablir qu'au moins certaines des grenouilles demeurent dans la meme section du ruisseau durant tous les mois d'hiver. 11 semble que la compdtition pour des abris d'hiver semblables chez les diverses espkces de la communautk du ruisseau soit responsable de la productivitk rkduite du ruisseau aux endroits oh ces abris sont peu nombreux.[Traduit par le journal]

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Anaerobic glycolysis and lactic acid accumulation in cold submergedRana pipiens

Cited by 37 publications

References 24 publications

Winterkill, Oxygen Relations, and Energy Metabolism of a Submerged Dormant Amphibian, Rana Muscosa

Winterkill, Oxygen Relations, and Energy Metabolism of a Submerged Dormant Amphibian, Rana Muscosa

Effects of ultrasound on the physicochemical properties and microstructure of salted‐dried grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Winter habitat of northern leopard frogs, Rana pipiens, in a southern Ontario stream

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