Anaerobic Eury- and Crenarchaeota inhabit ectomycorrhizas of boreal forest Scots pine

Bomberg, Malin; Montonen, Leone; Timonen, Sari

doi:10.1016/j.ejsobi.2010.09.002

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…However, the response was obvious only in the high-pH range (pH 5.1 to 8.3; P Ͻ 0.001) whereas there was no correlation between fungal growth and archaeal abundance below pH 5.1. The results contradict observations suggesting that mycorrhizal fungi might actually promote growth of archaea (8,9,11). However, those observations are derived from experiments using boreal pine forest soils with pH matching the low-pH range in our study (pH 4.0 to 4.7), i.e., the range where archaeal abundance was not negatively affected by fungal growth (Fig.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…1) reflects a reduced abundance of this particular group of archaea, and to our knowledge there is no evidence that these archaea are capable of ammonia oxidation. On the other hand, Crenarchaeota group 1.1c archaea were recently found to have the ability to grow on methanol and methane (9), and observations of archaeal growth in the presence of acetylene (an inhibitor of ammonia oxidation) provides further evidence that archaea in upland soils might not be sustained by NH 4 ϩ oxidation alone (22). The highest pH values in our study correspond well to the pH of seawater (ϳpH 8), where archaea are abundant (42) and are at least partly sustained by heterotrophic growth on organic acids (6,35,43).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Archaeal Abundance across a pH Gradient in an Arable Soil and Its Relationship to Bacterial and Fungal Growth Rates

Bengtson¹,

Sterngren²,

Rousk³

2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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ABSTRACTSoil pH is one of the most influential factors for the composition of bacterial and fungal communities, but the influence of soil pH on the distribution and composition of soil archaeal communities has yet to be systematically addressed. The primary aim of this study was to determine how total archaeal abundance (quantitative PCR [qPCR]-based estimates of 16S rRNA gene copy numbers) is related to soil pH across a pH gradient (pH 4.0 to 8.3). Secondarily, we wanted to assess how archaeal abundance related to bacterial and fungal growth rates across the same pH gradient. We identified two distinct and opposite effects of pH on the archaeal abundance. In the lowest pH range (pH 4.0 to 4.7), the abundance of archaea did not seem to correspond to pH. Above this pH range, there was a sharp, almost 4-fold decrease in archaeal abundance, reaching a minimum at pH 5.1 to 5.2. The low abundance of archaeal 16S rRNA gene copy numbers at this pH range then sharply increased almost 150-fold with pH, resulting in an increase in the ratio between archaeal and bacterial copy numbers from a minimum of 0.002 to more than 0.07 at pH 8. The nonuniform archaeal response to pH could reflect variation in the archaeal community composition along the gradient, with some archaea adapted to acidic conditions and others to neutral to slightly alkaline conditions. This suggestion is reinforced by observations of contrasting outcomes of the (competitive) interactions between archaea, bacteria, and fungi toward the lower and higher ends of the examined pH gradient.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeal Abundance across a pH Gradient in an Arable Soil and Its Relationship to Bacterial and Fungal Growth Rates

Bengtson¹,

Sterngren²,

Rousk³

2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The carbon metabolism and energy sources for these uncultivated Crenarchaea are largely unknown. Studies thus far suggest a role for this microbial group in the mineralization of detrital proteins (75), in degradation of fossil organic matter (76), and in anaerobic methane oxidation (76,77). A small but growing database indicates that humic substances could serve as an electron acceptor or electron shuttle to facilitate the carbon cycle in wetlands (62).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Community Stratification Linked to Utilization of Carbohydrates and Phosphorus Limitation in a Boreal Peatland at Marcell Experimental Forest, Minnesota, USA

Tfaily

Steinweg

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

112

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e This study investigated the abundance, distribution, and composition of microbial communities at the watershed scale in a boreal peatland within the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF), Minnesota, USA. Through a close coupling of next-generation sequencing, biogeochemistry, and advanced analytical chemistry, a biogeochemical hot spot was revealed in the mesotelm (30-to 50-cm depth) as a pronounced shift in microbial community composition in parallel with elevated peat decomposition. The relative abundance of Acidobacteria and the Syntrophobacteraceae, including known hydrocarbon-utilizing genera, was positively correlated with carbohydrate and organic acid content, showing a maximum in the mesotelm. The abundance of Archaea (primarily crenarchaeal groups 1.1c and 1.3) increased with depth, reaching up to 60% of total small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequences in the deep peat below the 75-cm depth. Stable isotope geochemistry and potential rates of methane production paralleled vertical changes in methanogen community composition to indicate a predominance of acetoclastic methanogenesis mediated by the Methanosarcinales in the mesotelm, while hydrogen-utilizing methanogens predominated in the deeper catotelm. RNA-derived pyrosequence libraries corroborated DNA sequence data to indicate that the above-mentioned microbial groups are metabolically active in the mid-depth zone. Fungi showed a maximum in rRNA gene abundance above the 30-cm depth, which comprised only an average of 0.1% of total bacterial and archaeal rRNA gene abundance, indicating prokaryotic dominance. Ratios of C to P enzyme activities approached 0.5 at the acrotelm and catotelm, indicating phosphorus limitation. In contrast, P limitation pressure appeared to be relieved in the mesotelm, likely due to P solubilization by microbial production of organic acids and C-P lyases. Based on path analysis and the modeling of community spatial turnover, we hypothesize that P limitation outweighs N limitation at MEF, and microbial communities are structured by the dominant shrub, Chamaedaphne calyculata, which may act as a carbon source for major consumers in the peatland.

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“…There is no conclusive evidence from soil environments supporting this hypothesis, but observations of archaeal growth in the presence of acetylene (an inhibitor of ammonia oxidation) suggest that at least a part of the archaeal community is capable of heterotrophic growth (Jia & Conrad, ). Accordingly, there is evidence to suggest that Crenarchaeota may be involved in the cycling of C1 compounds (Nemergut et al ., ) and Crenarchaeota belonging to group 1.1c were recently found to have the ability to live on methanol and methane (Bomberg et al ., ). This group is commonly the dominant group of archaea in boreal and acidic forest soils (Oline et al ., ; Bomberg & Timonen, ), and there is no evidence that these archaea are capable of ammonia oxidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Archaeal abundance in relation to root and fungal exudation rates

Karlsson

Johansson

Bengtson

2012

FEMS Microbiol Ecol

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Archaea are ubiquitous in forest soils, but little is known about the factors regulating their abundance and distribution. Low molecular weight organic compounds represent an important energy source for archaea in marine environments, and it is reasonable to suspect that archaeal abundance is dependent on such compounds in soils as well, represented by, for example, plant and fungal exudates. To test this hypothesis, we designed a microcosm experiment in which we grew ponderosa pine, sitka spruce, and western hemlock in forest soil. Root and mycorrhizal exudation rates were estimated in a 13C pulse-chase experiment, and the number of archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA genes was determined by qPCR. Archaeal abundance differed among plant species, and the number of archaeal 16S rRNA genes was generally lower in soil receiving high concentration of exudates. The mycorrhizal fungi of ponderosa pine seemed to favor archaea, while no such effect was found for mycorrhized sitka spruce or western hemlock. The low abundance of archaea in the proximity of roots and mycorrhiza may be a result of slow growth rates and poor competitive ability of archaea vs. bacteria and does not necessarily reflect a lack of heterotrophic abilities of the archaeal community.

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Anaerobic Eury- and Crenarchaeota inhabit ectomycorrhizas of boreal forest Scots pine

Cited by 25 publications

References 50 publications

Archaeal Abundance across a pH Gradient in an Arable Soil and Its Relationship to Bacterial and Fungal Growth Rates

Archaeal Abundance across a pH Gradient in an Arable Soil and Its Relationship to Bacterial and Fungal Growth Rates

Microbial Community Stratification Linked to Utilization of Carbohydrates and Phosphorus Limitation in a Boreal Peatland at Marcell Experimental Forest, Minnesota, USA

Archaeal abundance in relation to root and fungal exudation rates

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