Anaerobic digestion of industrial hemp–Effect of harvest time on methane energy yield per hectare

Kreuger, Emma; Prade, Thomas; Escobar, Federico; Svensson, Sven-Erik; Englund, Jan‐Eric; Björnsson, Lovisa

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.11.005

Cited by 74 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Among all of the substrate characteristics, the lignin content was reported to be the most important factor affecting methane production (Sawatdeenarunata et al 2015). As reported previously (Amon et al 2007;Kruse et al 2008;Kreuger et al 2011), the lignin content not only varied between species, but could also have varied in the same species due to different growth conditions and maturation, which affected the methane yields of biomass.…”

Section: Biochemical Methane Potential (Bmp) Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Comparison of Reactor Configurations for Biogas Production from Rapeseed Straw

Yuan

2016

BioResources

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To investigate the effects of reactor configurations on the anaerobic digestion performance of agricultural residue rapeseed straw, semicontinuous, one-stage, continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR) and batch, two-stage, leach bed-upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors were operated at the same hydraulic retention time (HRT) (30 days) and target organic loading rate (OLR) (3.0 gVS/L.d). In the continuously loaded CSTR, the specific methane yields did not substantially change as the OLR increased from 1.5 gVS/L.d to 3.0 gVS/L.d during the four periods. Conversely, the specific methane yields in the batch-fed leach bed-UASB increased considerably with the increase in OLR. The leach bed reactor contributed 75% of the total yield, while the UASB reactor contributed only 25% of the total yield. The total specific methane yields were 108 mL/gVS and 160 mL/gVS for the leach bed-UASB and CSTR, respectively, while the volatile solid (VS) reductions of the rapeseed straw were 27.1% and 36.6%, respectively. The results indicated that the process performance was more efficient in the CSTR than in the leach bed-UASB for the digestion of rapeseed straw. Biogas production was clearly affected by the reactor configurations.

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Section: Biochemical Methane Potential (Bmp) Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Comparison of Reactor Configurations for Biogas Production from Rapeseed Straw

Yuan

2016

BioResources

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“…It has been assumed that they are implemented in the County of Scania, Sweden, and convert 234,000 tonnes of hemp DM annually (200,000 tonnes of stems DM with the corresponding weight of leaves), and the time of operation is 8000 hours per year. Feedstock composition and experimental yields from steam pretreatment, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), and AD have been reported in recent publications [2-4]. The study described here includes some additional analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biofuel production (methane or the combined production of ethanol and methane) per hectare from hemp [2-4] is higher in southern Sweden than production based on grain from wheat, triticale and rapeseed, which otherwise dominates in Sweden [5]. Hemp has a low environmental impact because it can be cultivated with relatively little nitrogen and without pesticides and it has deep roots, which improve soil structure [1,6-9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of steam pretreatment and co-production with ethanol on the energy efficiency and process economics of combined biogas, heat and electricity production from industrial hemp

Barta

Kreuger

Björnsson

2013

Biotechnol Biofuels

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BackgroundThe study presented here has used the commercial flow sheeting program Aspen Plus™ to evaluate techno-economic aspects of large-scale hemp-based processes for producing transportation fuels. The co-production of biogas, district heat and power from chopped and steam-pretreated hemp, and the co-production of ethanol, biogas, heat and power from steam-pretreated hemp were analysed. The analyses include assessments of heat demand, energy efficiency and process economics in terms of annual cash flows and minimum biogas and ethanol selling prices (MBSP and MESP).ResultsProducing biogas, heat and power from chopped hemp has the highest overall energy efficiency, 84% of the theoretical maximum (based on lower heating values), providing that the maximum capacity of district heat is delivered. The combined production of ethanol, biogas, heat and power has the highest energy efficiency (49%) if district heat is not produced. Neither the inclusion of steam pretreatment nor co-production with ethanol has a large impact on the MBSP. Ethanol is more expensive to produce than biogas is, but this is compensated for by its higher market price. None of the scenarios examined are economically viable, since the MBSP (EUR 103–128 per MWh) is higher than the market price of biogas (EUR 67 per MWh). The largest contribution to the cost is the cost of feedstock. Decreasing the retention time in the biogas process for low solids streams by partly replacing continuous stirred tank reactors by high-rate bioreactors decreases the MBSP. Also, recycling part of the liquid from the effluent from anaerobic digestion decreases the MBSP. The production and prices of methane and ethanol influence the process economics more than the production and prices of electricity and district heat.ConclusionsTo reduce the production cost of ethanol and biogas from biomass, the use of feedstocks that are cheaper than hemp, give higher output of ethanol and biogas, or combined production with higher value products are primarily suggested. Further, practical investigations on increased substrate concentration in biogas and ethanol production, recycling of the liquid in anaerobic digestion and separation of low solids flows into solid and a liquid fraction for improved reactor applications deserves further attention.

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“…An alternative which is generating interest is the use of hemp as an energy crop. It has already been demonstrated that hemp is a suitable feedstock for anaerobic digestion (Kreuger et al, 2011) as well as for combustion (Rice, 2008;Prade et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen fertilization to optimize the greenhouse gas balance of hemp crops grown for biomass

Finnan

Burke

2013

GCB Bioenergy

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Nitrogen trials were carried out on hemp crops grown in Ireland over a 3 year period to identify nitrogen fertilization strategies which optimize the greenhouse gas (GHG) and energy balances of hemp crops grown for biomass. Nitrogen rates up to 150 kg N ha À1 were used in the study. Yield increased with nitrogen rate up to 120 kg N ha À1 for early (Ferimon), mid (Felina 32) and late maturing (Futura 75) varieties. Variety had a significant effect on yield with yields increasing with maturation date. In 2 years of the study, certain application rates of nitrogen were applied either at sowing, at emergence, after emergence or split between these dates to determine if nitrogen rates could be reduced by delaying or splitting the applications. The application of nitrogen at times later than sowing or in splits during the early part of the growing season had no significant effect on biomass yield compared with the practice of applying nitrogen at the time of sowing. Late applications of nitrogen reduced leaf chlorophyll content and height early in the growing season. Later in the growing season, there was no difference in height between treatments although the highest concentrations of chlorophyll were found in the leaves of the late application treatment. Nitrogen rate and the timing of nitrogen application had no effect on plant density. Biomass yield, net energy and net GHG mitigation increased up to an application rate of 120 kg N ha À1 , this result was independent of soil type or soil nitrogen level. Net GHG and energy balance of hemp crops grown for biomass are optimized if late maturing varieties are used for biomass production and a nitrogen rate of 120 kg ha À1 is applied at sowing.

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Anaerobic digestion of industrial hemp–Effect of harvest time on methane energy yield per hectare

Cited by 74 publications

References 22 publications

Comparison of Reactor Configurations for Biogas Production from Rapeseed Straw

Comparison of Reactor Configurations for Biogas Production from Rapeseed Straw

Effects of steam pretreatment and co-production with ethanol on the energy efficiency and process economics of combined biogas, heat and electricity production from industrial hemp

Nitrogen fertilization to optimize the greenhouse gas balance of hemp crops grown for biomass

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