Anaerobic Co-digestion of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste and the Liquid Fraction From the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Industrial Sewage Sludge Under Thermophilic Conditions

Villamil, J.A.; Mohedano, A.F.; Rodrı́guez, Juan J.; Borja, R.; Rubia, M.A. de la

doi:10.3389/fsufs.2018.00017

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…It can be concluded that TMP did not significantly influence the separation efficiency of the process and that the 10 kDa ultrafiltration membrane allowed the removal of only up to 30% of contaminants. When comparing the three parameters used for determination of organic substances in the samples, it can be concluded that the highest efficiency of separation was observed for COD (the measure of oxidizable pollutants amount in a sample) while the lowest was for BOD It seems to be plausible to state that the liquid, with the content of such compounds, can be utilized effectively in the anaerobic digestion process, thus allowing the integration of the anaerobic digestion with HTC of its wet by-products, as already suggested by some authors [36,37,45]. Further research is needed to confirm this, assessing the influence of adding such a liquid to AD reactors and optimize the process, configured in such way (AD + HTC).…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 73%

“…These compounds were not detected for short residence times [44], which suggests that the reactions responsible for the formation of these compounds are relatively slow, and compounds can be produced in relatively long residence times, which was the case in this study. 3 139.6 Chemical oxygen demand (COD), mg O2/dm 3 31,650 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), mg O2/dm 3 9520 Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), mg C/dm 3 15,281 N-NH4 + , mg/dm 3 700 N-NO2 − , mg/dm 3 0.1 N-NO3 − , mg/dm 3 below the limit of detection PO4 3− , mg/dm 3 950 Na, mg/dm 3 293.6 K, mg/dm 3 688.9 Ca, mg/dm 3 28.2 Mg, mg/dm 3 449.7 Cl−, mg/dm 3 85.7 Fe, mg/dm 3 22.13 Mn, mg/dm 3 1.68 Cu, mg/dm 3 0.71 Zn, mg/dm 3 1 It seems to be plausible to state that the liquid, with the content of such compounds, can be utilized effectively in the anaerobic digestion process, thus allowing the integration of the anaerobic digestion with HTC of its wet by-products, as already suggested by some authors [36,37,45]. Further research is needed to confirm this, assessing the influence of adding such a liquid to AD reactors and optimize the process, configured in such way (AD + HTC).…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 87%

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Treatment of Liquid By-Products of Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Agricultural Digestate Using Membrane Separation

et al. 2020

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Agriculture affects both the quantity and the quality of water available for other purposes, which becomes problematic, especially during increasingly frequent severe droughts. This requires tapping into the resources that are typically neglected. One such resource is a by-product of anaerobic digestion, in which moisture content typically exceeds 90%. Application of hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC) to this residue could partially remove organic and inorganic material, improve dewatering, decrease the overall solid mass, sanitize the digestate, change its properties, and eliminate problems related with emissions of odors from the installation. However, a significant gap still exists in terms of the dewatering of the hydrochars and the composition of the effluents. This work presents results of experimental investigation focused on the removal of organic compounds from the HTC effluent. Results of qualitative and quantitative analysis of liquid by-products of HTC of the agricultural digestate showed that acetic acid, 3-pyridinol, 1-hydroxyacetone, and 1,3-propanediol were the main liquid organic products of the process. Application of ultrafiltration process with the use of 10 kDa membrane for liquid HTC by-product treatment allows for the reduction of chemical oxygen demand up to 30%, biological oxygen demand up to 10%, and dissolved organic carbon up to 21%.

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Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 87%

Treatment of Liquid By-Products of Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Agricultural Digestate Using Membrane Separation

et al. 2020

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“…Similarly, approximately one third of the original chemical energy of the feedstock is lost to by-products. However, this energy can be recovered by adding this liquid into anaerobic digestion reactors, as suggested by many studies of HTC of different types of biomass [43,69,[90][91][92][93][94][95].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HTC of Wet Residues of the Brewing Process: Comprehensive Characterization of Produced Beer, Spent Grain and Valorized Residues

et al. 2020

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Steady consumption of beer results in a steady output of residues, i.e., brewer's spent grain (BSG). Its valorization, using hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) seems sensible. However, a significant knowledge gap regarding the variability of this residue and its influence on the valorization process and its potential use in biorefineries exists. This study attempted to fill this gap by characterization of BSG in conjunction with the main product (beer), taking into accounts details of the brewing process. Moreover, different methods to assess the performance of HTC were investigated. Overall, the differences in terms of the fuel properties of both types of spent grain were much less stark, in comparison to the differences between the respective beers. The use of HTC as a pretreatment of BSG for subsequent use as a biorefinery feedstock can be considered beneficial. HTC was helpful in uniformization and improvement of the fuel properties. A significant decrease in the oxygen content and O/C ratio and improved grindability was achieved. The Weber method proved to be feasible for HTC productivity assessment for commercial installations, giving satisfactory results for most of the cases, contrary to traditional ash tracer method, which resulted in significant overestimations of the mass yield.However, for craft breweries located in big cities, disposal becomes more problematic [3]. There are also attempts to enrich food products with spent grains. Thus far, there have been trials with sausages [4] and bread [5]. However, consumers reported that such products represent a fiber aftertaste [6]. However, this is limited only to the relatively close vicinity of a brewery, due to relatively high moisture content, that could range between 70% up to 78% 70% [7][8][9]. Biological activity of these residues makes long term storage difficult. The literature reports ongoing work on various new ways of using BSG, including extraction of polyphenols [10,11], other anti-oxidants [12,13], functional cardioprotective lipids for pharmaceutic use [14], proteins [15], fodder for edible insects [16], material for disposable trays [17], natural rubber modifier [18], as well as feedstock for production of pigments [19] and biochar, for subsequent use as soil amendment [20] or sustainable material for electrodes [21].The potential use of this residue as a fuel has been suggested by several authors so far [7][8][9]22,23]. The relatively high initial moisture content of spent grain makes hydrothermal valorization techniques the most sensible choice [8,9]. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), also known as wet torrefaction, is a valorization process suitable for a range of low-quality solid biomass, especially with high initial moisture content [24,25]. Process temperature, reported in the literature, usually ranges between 180 • C and 260 • C [25][26][27][28][29][30]. As the process takes place in subcritical water, pressure has to be higher than saturation pressure of water for specific temperature [25][26][27][28][29][30]. In these conditions wa...

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“…HTC of the digestate has significant potential due to possible improvements in terms of the subsequent dewatering [52][53][54]. This process partially removes organic fraction, which could also be used as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]. The potential advantages of the use of HTC for the digestate include a decrease in the overall solid mass, sanitization of the digestate and elimination of the problems related to emissions of odours from the installation, improvements of its fuel properties.…”

Section: Production Of Biocoal Using Dry and Wet Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocoal - Quality control and assurance

Pawlak–Kruczek

Arora

Gupta

et al. 2020

Biomass and Bioenergy

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Torrefied biomass is said to have potential as a replacement for coal. One of the main goals of torrefaction is to make biomass resemble coal more in terms of its properties as a solid fuel. As a fuel, a novel fuel that is produced by thermal treatment of raw biomass, biocoal has to comply with the regulations of solid fuels from different regulatory bodies. The production regime is different in comparison to the thermally treated fuel already established on the market, such as charcoal. This might raise an issue with the bodies controlling the circulation of chemical substances in the market, such as ECHA in Europe. The aim of this paper is to recommend suitable analytical techniques in order to enable effective quality control. This is necessary if biomass of low and highly variable quality is supposed to become more uniform and turn into a commodity. Information given in many published studies seems sufficient to use of FTIR and NIR as quality control techniques. The use of NMR can be complementary but is limited due to the high cost of the analytical equipment and time-consuming sample preparation. Rapid testing techniques, such as FTIR ATR or NIR, might prove feasible for quality control of solid biofuels, such as biocoal, especially for in-house quality control purposes. This way proper quality assurance and compliance with various novel regulations, such as REACH, could be assured. Further research could be helpful, especially if results would be available in publicly available databases, such as Phyllis.

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Anaerobic Co-digestion of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste and the Liquid Fraction From the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Industrial Sewage Sludge Under Thermophilic Conditions

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Treatment of Liquid By-Products of Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Agricultural Digestate Using Membrane Separation

Treatment of Liquid By-Products of Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Agricultural Digestate Using Membrane Separation

HTC of Wet Residues of the Brewing Process: Comprehensive Characterization of Produced Beer, Spent Grain and Valorized Residues

Biocoal - Quality control and assurance

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