“…Since then, other wastes were explored, and the observed biogas production enhancement when exposed to ironbased NPs reported. This includes poultry litter (Hassanein et al, 2019), cattle manure (Abdelwahab et al, 2020), glycerol (Im et al, 2019), fresh leachate from a municipal solid waste incineration plant (Lei et al, 2018), canola straw, and banana plant wastes with buffalo dung (Noonari et al, 2019), and microalgal biomass (Zaidi et al, 2018). At the same time, other iron oxidation states were proposed, without notable improvements with respect to magnetite (Chen et al, 2018b), while exploration on the fundamental mechanisms persisted, including now the possibility of NP dissolution, since a significant Fe 2+ concentration was detected in the aqueous phase after use of Fe 3 O 4 NPs (Zhao et al, 2018b).…”