Anaerobic bioremediation of RDX by ovine whole rumen fluid and pure culture isolates

Eaton, Hillary L.; Duringer, Jennifer M.; Murty, Lia D.; Craig, A. Morrie

doi:10.1007/s00253-012-4172-3

Cited by 17 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…6; Supplementary Table 3). Of these, Enterobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae families include microbes that are well known TNT or (Eaton et al 2013;Ederer et al 1997;Kulkarni and Chaudhari 2007). The primary impact of the inocula on the bacterial communities in the batch experiment was confirmed by the formation of two distinct clusters scattering close to the applied inoculum sample in the bacterial community ordination (Fig.…”

Section: Composition Of Tnt Transforming Bacterial Community In Diffementioning

confidence: 90%

Biotransformation of pink water TNT on the surface of a low-cost adsorbent pine bark

et al. 2015

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This two-week anaerobic batch study evaluated 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) removal efficiency from industrial pink water by (1) adsorption on low-cost adsorbent pine bark, and (2) adsorption coupled with TNT biotransformation by specialised microbial communities. Samples of the supernatant and acetonitrile extracts of pine bark were analysed by HPLC, while the composition of the bacterial community of the experimental batches, inocula and pine bark were profiled by high-throughput sequencing the V6 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Integrated adsorption and biotransformation proved to be the most efficient method for TNT removal from pink water. The type of applied inoculum had a profound effect on TNT removal efficiencies and microbial community structures, which were dominated by phylotypes belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. The analysis of acetonitrile extracts of pine bark supported the hypothesis that the microbial community indigenous to pine bark has the ability to degrade TNT.

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Section: Composition Of Tnt Transforming Bacterial Community In Diffementioning

confidence: 90%

Biotransformation of pink water TNT on the surface of a low-cost adsorbent pine bark

et al. 2015

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“…Sequences displaying significant matches to at least ten genera that contain known RDX-degrading species isolated from environmental samples were detected in the ovine rumen, including Clostridium , Pseudomonas , Geobacter , and Acetobacterium . A recent study of 24 bacterial isolates of rumen origin demonstrated that all 24 isolates possessed varying RDX-degrading abilities under anaerobic conditions [11]. Compared to their respective basal controls, approximately 50% of those isolates were able to degrade RDX as the sole source of nitrogen, while eight isolates were capable of using RDX as the sole source of carbon, after a 120 h incubation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This procedure was repeated three times; the organic phase was then pooled to a final volume of 2.4 ml. The samples were dried under a constant stream of N 2 and stored at −20°C until HPLC–UV [26] and LC–MS/MS analysis [11].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These pathways include denitration, direct enzymatic cleavage [6], reduction by biogenic Fe(II) [7], and mineralization [8]. Under anaerobic conditions, mechanisms via reduction followed by ring cleavage or via direct ring cleavage have been proposed [6], [9]–[11]. The sequential formation of nitroso products, including hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX), hexahydro-1,3-dinitroso-5-nitro-1,3,5-triazine (DNX), and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine (TNX), was detectable as one route, while direct ring cleavage leading to the formation of methylenedinitramine (MEDINA) and bis(hydroxymethyl)nitramine (BHNA) was observed as a second route.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By the end of an eight-hour incubation, RDX cannot be detected using traditional detection methods, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and LC-MS/MS [27]. Thus far, the unique anaerobic environment of the rumen, with its high redox potential, appears to be highly efficient at biodegrading RDX, and RDX-degrading bacteria have been identified from the rumen [11], [27]. However, genes and metabolic pathways leading to RDX biodegradation in the ovine rumen have yet to be elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metagenomic Insights into the RDX-Degrading Potential of the Ovine Rumen Microbiome

Giarrizzo

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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The manufacturing processes of royal demolition explosive (RDX), or hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, have resulted in serious water contamination. As a potential carcinogen, RDX can cause a broad range of harmful effects to humans and animals. The ovine rumen is capable of rapid degradation of nitroaromatic compounds, including RDX. While ruminal RDX-degrading bacteria have been identified, the genes and pathways responsible for RDX degradation in the rumen have yet to be characterized. In this study, we characterized the metabolic potential of the ovine rumen using metagenomic approaches. Sequences homologous to at least five RDX-degrading genes cloned from environmental samples (diaA, xenA, xenB, xplA, and xplB) were present in the ovine rumen microbiome. Among them, diaA was the most abundant, likely reflective of the predominance of the genus Clostridium in the ovine rumen. At least ten genera known to harbor RDX-degrading microorganisms were detectable. Metagenomic sequences were also annotated using public databases, such as Pfam, COG, and KEGG. Five of the six Pfam protein families known to be responsible for RDX degradation in environmental samples were identified in the ovine rumen. However, increased substrate availability did not appear to enhance the proliferation of RDX-degrading bacteria and alter the microbial composition of the ovine rumen. This implies that the RDX-degrading capacity of the ovine rumen microbiome is likely regulated at the transcription level. Our results provide metagenomic insights into the RDX-degrading potential of the ovine rumen, and they will facilitate the development of novel and economic bioremediation strategies.

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Trends in environmental monitoring of high explosives present in soil/sediment/groundwater using LC‐MS/MS

Celin

Sharma

Bhanot

et al. 2022

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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Environmental contamination by explosives occurs due to improper handling and disposal procedures. Explosives and their transformation products pose threat to human health and the ecosystem. Trace level detection of explosives present in different environmental matrices is a challenge, due to the interference caused by matrix components and the presence of cocontaminants. Liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) is an advanced analytical tool, which is ideal for quantitative and qualitative detection of explosives and its metabolites at trace levels. This review aims to showcase the current trends in the application of LC‐MS/MS for detecting explosives present in soil, sediment, and groundwater with detection limits ranging from nano to femtogram levels. Specificity and advantages of using LC‐MS/MS over conventional analytical methods and various processing methods and techniques used for sample preparation are discussed in this article. Important application aspects of LC‐MS/MS on environmental monitoring include site characterization and degradation evaluation. Studies on qualitative and quantitative LC‐MS/MS analysis in determining the efficiency of treatment processes and contamination mapping, optimized conditions of LC and MS/MS adopted, role of different ionization techniques and mass analyzers in detection of explosives and its metabolites, relative abundance of various product ions formed on dissociation and the levels of detection achieved are reviewed. Ionization suppression, matrix effect, additive selection are some of the major factors which influence MS/MS detection. A summary of challenges and future research insights for effective utilization of this technique in the environmental monitoring of explosives are presented.

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Anaerobic bioremediation of RDX by ovine whole rumen fluid and pure culture isolates

Cited by 17 publications

References 36 publications

Biotransformation of pink water TNT on the surface of a low-cost adsorbent pine bark

Biotransformation of pink water TNT on the surface of a low-cost adsorbent pine bark

Metagenomic Insights into the RDX-Degrading Potential of the Ovine Rumen Microbiome

Trends in environmental monitoring of high explosives present in soil/sediment/groundwater using LC‐MS/MS

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