Anaemia and deaths in red deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) fawns associated with heavy infestations of cattle tick (<i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i>)

Haemaphysalis longicornis, the Asian longhorned tick (ALT), is native to eastern Asia, but it has become invasive in several countries, including Australia, New Zealand and recently in the eastern United States (US). To identify wild mammal and avian host species in the US, we conducted active wildlife surveillance in two states with known ALT infestations (Virginia and New Jersey). In addition, we conducted environmental surveys in both states. These surveillance efforts resulted in detection of 51 ALTinfested individuals from seven wildlife species, including raccoon (Procyon lotor), Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), woodchuck (Marmota monax), eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus), striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We found ALT in the environment in both states and also collected three native tick species (Amblyomma americanum, Dermacentor variablis and Ixodes scapularis) that are vectors of pathogens of public health and veterinary importance. This study provides important specific information on the wildlife host range of ALT in the US.

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“…Zealand (Inokuma et al, 2002;Kang et al, 2016;Kim et al, 2011;Neilson & Mossman, 1982;Yang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Ta B L E 1 (Continued)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveys for ticks on wildlife hosts and in the environment at Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis)‐positive sites in Virginia and New Jersey, 2018

White

Bevins

Ruder

et al. 2020

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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“…Larvae are found mainly on small mammals and birds [1]. Extensive infestations can occur causing severe irritation which, combined with blood loss, can lead to weight and productivity losses and even death in cattle, sheep and deer [1, 5, 6]. Through much of its distribution (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of sarolaner (Simparica®) against induced infestations of Haemaphysalis longicornis on dogs

Oda¹,

Yonetake

Fujii

et al. 2019

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundHaemaphysalis longicornis is the major tick affecting dogs in most of the East Asia/Pacific region and has recently been detected in a number of areas of the USA. This tick is a vector for a number of pathogens of dogs, other mammals and humans. In this study, the efficacy of a single oral administration of sarolaner (Simparica®, Zoetis) at the minimum label dosage (2 mg/kg) was evaluated against an existing infestation of H. longicornis and subsequent weekly reinfestations for 5 weeks after treatment.MethodsSixteen dogs were ranked on pretreatment tick counts and randomly allocated to treatment on Day 0 with sarolaner at 2 mg/kg or a placebo. The dogs were infested with H. longicornis nymphs on Days − 2, 5, 12, 19, 26 and 33. Efficacy was determined at 48 hours after treatment and subsequent re-infestations based on live tick counts relative to placebo-treated dogs.ResultsThere were no adverse reactions to treatment. A single dose of sarolaner provided 100% efficacy on Days 2, 7, 14 and 21; and ≥ 97.4% efficacy on Days 28 and 35. Considering only attached, live ticks, efficacy was 100% for the entire 35 days of the study. Geometric mean live tick counts for sarolaner were significantly lower than those for placebo on all days (11.62 ≤ t(df) ≤ 59.99, where 13.0 ≤ df ≤ 14.1, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn this study, a single oral administration of sarolaner at 2 mg/kg provided 100% efficacy against an existing infestation of H. longicornis nymphs and ≥ 97.4% efficacy (100% against attached ticks) against weekly reinfestation for at least 35 days after treatment.

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“…Haemaphysalis has a limited distribution in New Zealand, being generally restricted to the North Island and the northern part of the South Island. Infections can damage velvet (Wilson 1979), and heavy infestations have been reported to cause anaemia and death in young calves (Neilson & Mossman 1982;Roper 1987).…”

Section: Ectoparasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites of deer in New Zealand

Mason¹

1994

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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The majority of the deer farmed in New Zealand are Cervus elaphus, including the European red deer, North American wapiti, and their hybrids. There is a smaller but significant number of fallow deer (Dama dama) being farmed. Numbers of other species of farmed deer are insignificant. The parasites recorded from deer in New Zealand are listed and comments made about their significance, if known. From the point of view of animal health, the most important parasite is the lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus. The tissue worm, Elaphostrongylus cervi is important to the red deer industry, not because it causes animal health problems, but because its presence limits or prevents exports of live deer to some countries. Brief comments are made on "fading elk syndrome", efficacy of anthelmintics, and parasitological risks associated with the importation of deer.

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Anaemia and deaths in red deer (Cervus elaphus) fawns associated with heavy infestations of cattle tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis)

Abstract: In late December/early January 1979/80, deaths occurred in 30 red deer (Cervus elaphus) fawns. Evidence is presented to suggest that these deaths most likely resulted from heavy infestations of ticks (Haemaphysalis longicornis).

Cited by 16 publications

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Surveys for ticks on wildlife hosts and in the environment at Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis)‐positive sites in Virginia and New Jersey, 2018

Surveys for ticks on wildlife hosts and in the environment at Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis)‐positive sites in Virginia and New Jersey, 2018

Efficacy of sarolaner (Simparica®) against induced infestations of Haemaphysalis longicornis on dogs

Parasites of deer in New Zealand

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