Anacardium Plants: Chemical,Nutritional Composition and Biotechnological Applications

Salehi, Bahare; Gültekin-Özgüven, Mine; Kırkın, Celale; Özçelik, Beraat; Morais-Braga, Maria Flaviana Bezerra; Carneiro, Joara Nályda Pereira; Bezerra, Camila Fonseca; Silva, Teresinha Gonçalves da; Coutinho, Henrique Douglas Melo; Benabdallah, Amina; Armstrong, Lorene; Selamoğlu, Zeliha; Sevindik, Mustafa; Yousaf, Zubaida; Sharifi‐Rad, Javad; Muddathir, Ali Mahmoud; Devkota, Hari Prasad; Martorell, Miquel; Jugran, Arun K.; Martins, Natália; Cho, William C.

doi:10.3390/biom9090465

Cited by 68 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…It is a perennial crop belonging to the anacardicaea family and consists of 77 genera and 700 species; of which only 20 of the 700 species are widely distributed in the tropics (Mitra et al, 2007;Tinalu and Barford, 2008;Trox et al, 2010). Cashew tree has a life span of about thirty to forty years in which it takes about three to four years to reach its full production potentials (Salehi et al, 2019). The raw cashew nut (RCN) is the main commercial product of the cashew tree, though yields of the cashew apple are eight to ten times the weight of the raw nuts (Azam-Ali and Judge, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trend analysis of production, consumption and export of cashew crop in West Africa

Kolliesuah¹,

Saysay²,

Zinnah³

et al. 2020

Afr. Crop Sci. J.

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West Africa is a core producer of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), supplying 45% of the commodity on the global market. Despite this huge share of the international market, only 10% of the commodity is processed and consumed domestically. The low rate of consumption is reflected by low investment in the cashew industry, making the crop underutilised as a food and nutrition security crop in the region. The objective of this study was to analyse the trends in production, levels of consumption and export of the crop in West Africa, as a basis for informing strategic development interventions. This work utilised metadata from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation database, Nitidae and other relevant sources to explore the production, consumption and export patterns of cashew from the year 2000 up to 2017. The metadata used were analysed using descriptive statistics. The study revealed that eleven (Cote D’Ivoire, Nigeria, Benin, Guinea Bissau, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Guinea, The Gambia, Senegal, and Togo) of the sixteen countries in West Africa were actively engaged in cashew production. It was also projected that production will decline in the next five years in countries such as Nigeria, Togo, Senegal, and Burkina Faso due to a reduction in the land under cashew cultivation, an increase in pest and disease infestations, coupled with a decline in genetic improvement and poor extension services. Production will remain stable in The Gambia and Guinea Bissau because most trees there are yet to hit the peak of production; and of reduced investment in research and development. Cashew consumption locally is dismal (<10% across the region) due to limited attention given to the processing industry in the region. To boost local production and consumption, as well maintain the 45% share of the international market in the next five years and beyond, it is essential to invest in genetic improvement, modification of agronomic practices, and investment in the processing industry, as well as research and development of the crop.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trend analysis of production, consumption and export of cashew crop in West Africa

Kolliesuah¹,

Saysay²,

Zinnah³

et al. 2020

Afr. Crop Sci. J.

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“…The Anacardium genus comprise of about 20 species, which are found mainly in the tropical areas of the New world. Of these species, A. occidentale is the only well-known species which is widely cultivated for its nutritious nuts (Salehi et al 2019). Generally, the cashew exhibits two or more vegetative flushing and one reproductive flushing in an annual cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and identification of interspecific hybrids of Anacardium species using microsatellites

et al. 2020

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Study of genetic diversity and interspecific hybridizations plays an imperative role in the genetic improvement of crop plants. Microsatellite or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers have been the marker of choice for many genetic studies in perennial tree crops. In this study, genetic diversity of 23 cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) germplasm accessions with unique traits was carried out using the cashew SSR (CSSR) markers. Besides, true hybridity of the interspecific hybrids of A. occidentale and A. microcarpum Ducke was investigated. Eight of the 21 CSSRs screened in 10 diverse accessions were polymorphic and used for genetic diversity analysis in 23 accessions. Major allele frequency ranged from 0.50 to 0.98; gene diversity ranged from 0.10 to 0.50, and polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.10 to 0.38 for the surveyed SSR loci. Dendrogram analysis of 23 accessions formed two main clusters with two sub-clusters in each. Clustering of the accessions had no relationship with the geographic region of collection. In tree hybridizations, early screening methods are becoming indispensable to ascertain the true hybridity of progenies to save the costs and resources. For the first time, three CSSR markers that detect the true hybridity of interspecific hybrids of cashew and its wild relative A. microcarpum were identified. Hybrid purity index of the progenies in interspecific crosses varied from 67 to 100%. These three CSSR markers capable of distinguishing the two Anacardium species could be useful in evolutionary studies involving these species and their natural hybrids in the wilds.

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“…A lot of studies have been conducted to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical constituents of A. occidentale and are summarized in the form of a comprehensive review by [ 48 ]. Different vitamins and functional biofactors were reported in the cashew leaves, e.g., vitamin C, vitamins B2 and B3, thiamine, methyl gallute, leucocyanidin, leucodelphinidin, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various studies revealed the presence of a number of phenolic compounds in the cashew leaves, e.g., 2-hydroxy-6-pentadecylbenzoic acid, hyperoside, amentoflavone derivate, myricetin-O-glycoside, kaempferol-3-O-xyloside, quercetin-3-O-xyloside, quercetin-3-O-arabinofuranoside, quercetin-3-O-arabinopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, etc. [ 48 ]. In another study, fresh cashew leaves were subjected to steam distillation for the evaluation of essential oils and found β -phellandrene + limonene (17.5%), methyl chavicol (11.4%), germacrene B (8%), and trans- α -bergamotene (7.9%) in the dominant quantities [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amelioration of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Anacardium occidentale via Inhibition of Collagenase and Lysosomal Enzymes

Naz

Ahmed

Shahzad

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Anacardium occidentale (cashew) has been used in the traditional system of medicine for curing many inflammatory disorders. The present study investigates the antiarthritic effects of cashew leaves extract using the rat model of FCA-induced rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritic rats were treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. ethanolic extract of cashew leaves. Animals were sacrificed at day 23, and before sacrificing the animals, gross pathological changes were observed. Histopathology of ankle joint was evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin staining, whereas the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated by the agglutination method. Inflammatory cells and other hematological parameters were assessed by employing an automated hemocytometer and chemistry analyzer. Rheumatoid factor (Rf) and lysosomal enzymes levels were determined in blood. Results indicated that A. occidentale significantly decreased the CPR levels, macroscopic arthritic score, and rheumatoid factor as compared to the diseased group. Histopathological evaluation showed significant attenuation in bone erosion, joint inflammation, and pannus formation by plant extract. Treatment with A. occidentale significantly suppressed the levels of acid phosphatase, β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, N-acetylglucosaminidase, and collagenase. Moreover, A. occidentale significantly raised the HB levels and RBCs counts which were found depleted in the diseased group. The raised counts of total leukocytes, platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were also significantly decreased by treatment with plant extract. Comparative analysis showed that higher dose of A. occidentale demonstrated superior amelioration of rheumatoid arthritis as compared to low dose. In conclusion, A. occidentale possesses significant antiarthritic potential, which may be attributed to the suppression of lysosomal enzymes and collagenase levels.

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Anacardium Plants: Chemical,Nutritional Composition and Biotechnological Applications

Cited by 68 publications

References 97 publications

Trend analysis of production, consumption and export of cashew crop in West Africa

Trend analysis of production, consumption and export of cashew crop in West Africa

Genetic diversity and identification of interspecific hybrids of Anacardium species using microsatellites

Amelioration of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Anacardium occidentale via Inhibition of Collagenase and Lysosomal Enzymes

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