Anabolic Steroid Associated to Physical Training Induces Deleterious Cardiac Effects

Abstract

We believe this is the first study to show the effects of ND on cardiac aldosterone. Our results suggest that these effects may be associated to TGFβ and osteopontin. Thus, we conclude that the cardiac aldosterone has an important role on the deleterious effects on the heart induced by ND.

Eccentric and concentric cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise training: microRNAs and molecular determinants

“…Moreover, similar adaptations are usually found in athletes who use anabolic steroids associated with resistance training (11). This has also been found when these drugs were associated with aerobic training in experimental animals (12).…”

“…With regard to the cardiovascular effects, resting bradycardia has been considered to be the hallmark of aerobic exercise training adaptation (12,19,22). The mechanisms underlying the resting bradycardia are strongly dependent on the exercise training mode.…”

The Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Nandrolone Decanoate Disrupts Redox Homeostasis in Liver, Heart and Kidney of Male Wistar Rats

“…As the liver is the major organ involved in the drug metabolization, and the kidneys are responsible for its excretion, these organs are generally affected by high doses of AAS. On the other hand, the effects of AAS on the heart are well documented by us and others [23]–[25]. As a large body of evidence shows a role of oxidative stress in liver, kidney and heart dysfunction, we investigated if nandrolone decanoate, the most used AAS by bodybuilders and recreational athletes, could interfere in the redox balance of these tissues.…”

“…In fact, oxidative stress is implicated not only in carcinogenesis, but also in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases that can affect liver, heart, kidney and other tissues. AAS abuse is involved in liver tumor development and inflammation, cardiac autonomic dysfunction and hypertrophy, in addition to mesangial matrix accumulation and increased heat shock proteins in the kidney [23], [30], [31]. Interestingly, all dysfunctions cited above can be caused by an increase in ROS availability, and NOX enzymes seem to play an important role in those processes.…”

Oxidative Stress in Muscle Growth and Adaptation to Physical Exercise

“…AAS and GH are widely administrated by athletes and bodybuilders to increase muscle hypertrophy and strength [11]. Extremely high doses or long period of use may cause tumorigenesis, water retention, hyperglycemia, testicular atrophy, gynecomastia, myocardial infarction, heart failure and many other side effects.…”