"Anabolic" Effects of Methandienone in Men Undergoing Athletic Training

Hervey, G. R.; Hutchinson, I; Knibbs, A. V.; Burkinshaw, L.; Jones, P. R. M.; Norgan, N. G.; Levell, M. J.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(76)90001-5

Cited by 78 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It has been well established that the administration of androgens increases protein synthesis and decreases protein breakdown (Griggs et al 1989;Sheeld-Moore et al 1999), although this was not re¯ected in increments in muscle mass at the cellular level (Griggs et al 1989). Van Marken Lichtenbelt et al (unpublished observation) showed that the changes in body dimensions and composition induced by AAS misuse were due to an increase in muscle mass (Van Marken Lichtenbelt et al unpublished observation) and should not be attributed to an increase in¯uid retention, as has been proposed previously (Hervey et al 1976(Hervey et al , 1981. The intake of AAS in combination with strength training has been shown to induce an increase in muscle ®ber size both by hypertrophy and the formation of new ®bers (Kadi 2000;Kadi et al 1999b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Misuse of androgenic-anabolic steroids and human deltoid muscle fibers: differences between polydrug regimens and single drug administration

Hartgens¹,

Straaten

Fideldij³

et al. 2001

Eur J Appl Physiol

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The objective of this investigation was to study the effects of androgenic-anabolic steroid (AAS) misuse on deltoid muscle fiber characteristics in experienced, male strength-trained athletes. In a double-blind study, 15 volunteers were administered nandrolone decanoate (ND) for 8 weeks (200 mg/week, intramuscularly). In an additional study, 12 subjects self-administered various AASs at supratherapeutic dosages (AAS group), while 7 non-users served as controls. In all subjects, a percutaneous needle biopsy sample of the deltoid muscle was obtained at baseline and after 8 weeks. Muscle sections were pre-incubated at pH 4.4, stained with adenosine triphosphatase and analyzed morphometrically. In each biopsy sample, at least 150 fibers were classified for "gray level" and "lesser fiber diameter" to determine the mean fiber size, the sizes of type I and type II fibers, and the fiber type distribution. ND administration did not seem to affect any of those parameters. In the AAS group, mean muscle fiber size (+ 12.6%), and the size of type I (+ 10.8%) and type II (+ 14.6%) muscle fibers increased. The fiber type distribution remained unaltered. We conclude that polydrug regimens of AAS misuse at supratherapeutic dosages increased the size of deltoid muscle fibers (especially type II fibers) in experienced strength-trained athletes, while ND at a therapeutic intramuscular dose of 200 mg did not exert any effect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Misuse of androgenic-anabolic steroids and human deltoid muscle fibers: differences between polydrug regimens and single drug administration

Hartgens¹,

Straaten

Fideldij³

et al. 2001

Eur J Appl Physiol

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“…Our previous study (Hervey et al, 1976) left undecided the exact nature of the lean tissue gained by athletes who took methandienone during training. It may also have been insensitive to the effect of the drug on physical performance, since the subjects showed large changes during both training periods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have already reported that the relationship between potassium content and density of the lean body changed (Hervey et al, 1976). A recent review of 11 published reports of analyses of biopsy samples showed that the mean concentration of potassium in normal, fresh, fat-free skeletal muscle is approximately 90 mmol/kg of muscle (Burkinshaw, Hill & Morgan, 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous paper (Hervey, Hutchinson Knibbs, Burkinshaw, Jones, Norgan & Levell: 1976) we reviewed the evidence for the reality of an anabolic action of testosterone and the related drugs known as 'anabolic steroids'. We pointed out that the work on animals which originally appeared to show the effect (Kochakian & Murlin, 1935) is open to criticism, and our work on rats (Hervey & Hutchinson, 1973) failed to demonstrate the effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Methandienone on the Performance and Body Composition of Men Undergoing Athletic Training

et al. 1981

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1. In a previous study of the effects of methandienone (Dianabol) on men undergoing athletic training, strength and performance increased, but not significantly more when the subjects were taking the drug than when they were taking placebo. The subjects did, however, gain more weight on the drug, with increases in total body potassium and muscle dimensions. It remained an open question whether the muscles had gained normal tissue or intracellular fluid. 2. In an attempt to distinguish between these possibilities the trial has been repeated, using as subjects seven male weight-lifters in regular training, and including measurements of total body nitrogen. As before, a dose of 100 mg of methandienone/day was given alternately with the placebo in a double-blind crossover experiment. The treatment periods lasted 6 weeks and were separated by an interval of 6 weeks. Body weight, potassium and nitrogen, muscle size, and leg performance and strength increased significantly during training on the drug, but not during the placebo period. 3. The finding of increased body nitrogen suggested that the weight gain was not only intracellular fluid. The increases in body potassium (436 +/- SEM 41 mmol) and nitrogen (255 +/- 69 g) were too large in proportion to the weight gain (2.3 +/- 0.4 kg) for this to be attributed to gain of normal muscle or other lean tissue, and imply gain of nitrogen-rich, phosphate-poor substance. Although this action of methandienone might be described as anabolic, the weight gain produced is not normal muscle.

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“…Consequently endurance athletes began using these agents to improve their aerobic capacity. While the majority of the literature has shown AAS use does not improve endurance performance [124][125][126][127][128][129], two studies recorded an AAS-induced alteration of hematology in athletes [130,131]. Alen [130] demonstrated an increase in serum hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit, platelets and white blood cell numbers after six months of high dose of AAS.…”

Section: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic androgenic steroids effects on the immune system: a review

et al. 2009

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Androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) are synthetic derivatives of the male hormone testosterone. AAS are used by athletes and recreational users of all ages to enhance their athletic performance and/or physical appearance. While several adverse effects of AAS abuse have been described, their effect on the immune system has not been clearly elucidated. The literature generally indicates that supraphysiologic doses of AAS with an intact steroid nucleus are immunosuppressive, that is they reduce immune cell number and function. While those with alterations to the steroid nucleus are immunostimulatory as they induce the proliferation of T cells and other immune cells. Specifically, several common AAS have been shown to adversely influence lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation, antibody production, Natural Killer Cytotoxic activity and the production of certain cytokines, thereby altering the immune reaction. These effects may be profound and long lasting depending on the dosing regime, types or combinations of AAS used and the extent and duration of AAS abuse. Nevertheless, the effects of long term use of supraphysiologic doses of AAS on the immune system remain uncertain.

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"Anabolic" Effects of Methandienone in Men Undergoing Athletic Training

Cited by 78 publications

References 11 publications

Misuse of androgenic-anabolic steroids and human deltoid muscle fibers: differences between polydrug regimens and single drug administration

Misuse of androgenic-anabolic steroids and human deltoid muscle fibers: differences between polydrug regimens and single drug administration

Effects of Methandienone on the Performance and Body Composition of Men Undergoing Athletic Training

Anabolic androgenic steroids effects on the immune system: a review

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