Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids and Exercise Training: Breaking the Myths and Dealing With Better Outcome in Sarcopenia

Falqueto, Hugo; Santos, Marcelo Rodrigues dos; Manfredi, Leandro Henrique

doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.838526

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 147 publications

(171 reference statements)

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“…Anabolic‐androgenic steroids (AAS) use is another plausible treatment that could be used in PLWH because these drugs can increase physical function and muscle mass 48 . In healthy adults, AAS have been shown to produce small increases in muscle strength and moderate increase in lean mass, 49 while in older men with low testosterone similar positive effects have been shown following testosterone replacement therapy 50 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of sarcopenia prevalence and associated factors in people living with human immunodeficiency virus

SeyedAlinaghi

Ghayomzadeh

Mirzapour

et al. 2023

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) appear to be at an increased risk of sarcopenia, which can have a devastating effect on their life due to consequences such as physical disability, poor quality of life, and finally death. This systematic review examined sarcopenia prevalence and its associated factors in PLWH. A systematic search was conducted using the keywords in the online databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane databases from the dates of inception up to May 2022. The retrieved articles underwent a two-step title/abstract and full-text review process, and the eligible papers were selected and included in the qualitative synthesis. Data relating to the study population, purpose of study, gender, age, race, body mass index, medical history, paraclinical results and antiretroviral therapy as associated factors of sarcopenia were extracted. In addition, the prevalence of sarcopenia in PLWH and its promoting and reducing factors were also extracted. We reviewed the 14 related studies for identifying of sarcopenia prevalence and its associated factors in PLWH. The total number of PLWH in all the reviewed studies was 2592. There was no criterion for the minimum number of people with HIV and the lowest number of PLWH was 27, and the highest number was 860. Some studies reported a significantly higher prevalence of sarcopenia in HIV-infected individuals compared with HIV-negative controls as follows: 24.2-6.7%, 15-4% and 10-6%, respectively. We showed that, age (30-50 years), being female, >5 years post-HIV diagnosis, multiple vertebral fractures, cocaine/heroin use and lower gamma-glutamyl transferase level were the main promoting factors of sarcopenia. Higher educational level, employment, physical exercise, calf circumference >31 cm, and gait speed >0.8 m/s were also factors to reduce sarcopenia. Sarcopenia prevalence in PLWH is higher than HIV-negative population. Given the importance and prevalence of sarcopenia among PLWH and its associated consequences (i.e., mortality and disability), determining its risk factors is of great importance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of sarcopenia prevalence and associated factors in people living with human immunodeficiency virus

SeyedAlinaghi

Ghayomzadeh

Mirzapour

et al. 2023

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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“…In our study, we think factors such as decreased GFR, inflammation, use of steroids, and other immunosuppressive medications are responsible for the increased incidence of sarcopenia in patients with glomerulonephritis compared to the healthy population. Especially corticosteroids, which have direct catabolic effects, suppress skeletal muscle protein synthesis by affecting protein catabolism and result in abnormal muscle metabolism 20,21 . Different mechanisms were suggested to explain these inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on protein synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike the literature, the mean age of the patients diagnosed with sarcopenia in our study was 40. 20,21 Different mechanisms were suggested to explain these inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on protein synthesis. One of the mechanisms suggested was that glucocorticoids prevented the amino acids needed for protein synthesis from entering the muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The frequency of sarcopenia has increased in patients with glomerulonephritis

et al. 2023

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Aim: Sarcopenia is defined as the loss of muscle mass and muscle strength, and its frequency increases in kidney patients. However, sarcopenia frequency in patients with glomerulonephritis is unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the frequency of sarcopenia in patients with glomerulonephritis and compare the results with the healthy population for the first time in the literature. Patients and Methods: A total of 110 participants, including 70 patients previously diagnosed with glomerulonephritis and 40 healthy individuals, were included in the study. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was made based on the EWSGOP 2 Criteria.Results: The mean age of the glomerulonephritis patients group was 39.3 ± 1.5. In the anthropometric measurements of the patients, walking speed was low in 50 patients (71.4%), muscle strength was decreased in 44 patients (62.9%), and sarcopenia was detected in 10 patients (14.3%) according to the EWGSOP 2 Criteria.Considering the anthropometric measurements of the control group, sarcopenia was not detected in any of the subjects according to the EWGSOP 2 Criteria. Conclusion:The result of the present study revealed that the rate of sarcopenia was significantly higher in glomerulonephritis patients compared to the healthy population and that sarcopenia can also be observed even in middle age in this population.We think it would be beneficial for clinicians treating glomerulonephritis to be more careful regarding sarcopenia and keep these parameters in mind during treatment.

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“…However, anabolizers could not be easily equaled to the natural hormones, at least in their function-effects at the doses and paths of administration used, but especially with respect to hormonal regulation and a number of essential biochemical pathways that are alien to the most used drugs. Nevertheless, not all is negative, since some androgen-derived or related anabolic drugs (including SARMS), represent a fully productive pharmacological line, to treat common senile- or malnutrition-derived disorders, such as sarcopenia and cachexia [ 470 ], which continues to be developed at present.…”

Section: Current Pharmacological Utilization Of Androgensmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of Androgens in Humans: Biology, Metabolic Regulation and Health

Alemany

2022

IJMS

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Androgens are an important and diverse group of steroid hormone molecular species. They play varied functional roles, such as the control of metabolic energy fate and partition, the maintenance of skeletal and body protein and integrity and the development of brain capabilities and behavioral setup (including those factors defining maleness). In addition, androgens are the precursors of estrogens, with which they share an extensive control of the reproductive mechanisms (in both sexes). In this review, the types of androgens, their functions and signaling are tabulated and described, including some less-known functions. The close interrelationship between corticosteroids and androgens is also analyzed, centered in the adrenal cortex, together with the main feedback control systems of the hypothalamic–hypophysis–gonads axis, and its modulation by the metabolic environment, sex, age and health. Testosterone (T) is singled out because of its high synthesis rate and turnover, but also because age-related hypogonadism is a key signal for the biologically planned early obsolescence of men, and the delayed onset of a faster rate of functional losses in women after menopause. The close collaboration of T with estradiol (E2) active in the maintenance of body metabolic systems is also presented Their parallel insufficiency has been directly related to the ravages of senescence and the metabolic syndrome constellation of disorders. The clinical use of T to correct hypoandrogenism helps maintain the functionality of core metabolism, limiting excess fat deposition, sarcopenia and cognoscitive frailty (part of these effects are due to the E2 generated from T). The effectiveness of using lipophilic T esters for T replacement treatments is analyzed in depth, and the main problems derived from their application are discussed.

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Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids and Exercise Training: Breaking the Myths and Dealing With Better Outcome in Sarcopenia

Cited by 5 publications

References 147 publications

A systematic review of sarcopenia prevalence and associated factors in people living with human immunodeficiency virus

A systematic review of sarcopenia prevalence and associated factors in people living with human immunodeficiency virus

The frequency of sarcopenia has increased in patients with glomerulonephritis

The Roles of Androgens in Humans: Biology, Metabolic Regulation and Health

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