Anabolic–Androgenic Steroid Effects on the Sexual Behavior of Intact Male Rats

Clark, Ann S.; Harrold, Elizabeth V.; Fast, Alison S.

doi:10.1006/hbeh.1997.1355

Cited by 55 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In both Experiments 1 (acute pain) and 2 (chronic inflammatory pain), chronic T-treated rats and to a lesser degree chronic DHT-treated rats gained less weight than controls, which is consistent with studies demonstrating that chronic AAS reduce fat mass (Hartgens and Kuipers, 2004) and T administration decreases weight gain (Clark et al, 1997). Not surprisingly, chronic STAN, being the weakest of the androgens (Kicman, 2008), inhibited weight gain the least in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Anabolic–androgenic steroid effects on nociception and morphine antinociception in male rats

Tsutsui

Wood

Craft

2011

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute and chronic administration of anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) on nociception and morphine antinociception in acute pain models, as well as on chronic inflammatory nociception. In Experiment 1, adult, gonadally intact male rats were injected s.c. for 28 days with either 5 mg/kg testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), stanozolol (STAN), or safflower oil vehicle (N = 12–25/group). On day 28, rats in each group were tested on acute thermal and mechanical nociceptive assays, before and after morphine treatment. In Experiment 2, rats in each group (N = 8–10/group) were injected with mineral oil or complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into one hindpaw after 28 days of AAS treatment, and then tested for thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia, inflammation and locomotor suppression intermittently for 28 days. Experiment 3 replicated nociceptive measurements in Experiments 1 and 2, but with a single AAS or vehicle injection occurring 3 h prior to testing (N = 10–12/group). While chronic AAS administration tended to decrease body weight gain and alter reproductive organ weights in the expected manner, it did not significantly alter acute nociception nor attenuate the development of various chronic pain indices after CFA administration. Morphine antinociceptive potency was significantly decreased by chronic DHT on the hotplate test only. Acute AAS administration also did not significantly alter acute or chronic nociception, or morphine antinociceptive potency. Comparisons between acute and chronic AAS administration suggest that steroid tolerance did not occur in rats treated with AAS chronically. Taken together, these data do not support the hypothesis that AAS exposure alters nociception or morphine antinociception in gonadally intact males.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Anabolic–androgenic steroid effects on nociception and morphine antinociception in male rats

Tsutsui

Wood

Craft

2011

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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“…Nandrolone decanoate is a long-lasting synthetic derivative of testosterone, and can exert effects on rat skeletal muscle up to 12 days after a single 6 mg/kg injection [48] as well as altering available circulating levels for tissue up to 4 weeks [40]. Chronic daily administration of high (5.6 mg/kg) doses of nandrolone decanoate for 12 weeks does not alter serum testosterone levels or body weight in adult male Long Evans rats [16]. Work with human skeletal muscle suggests exogenous testosterone-induced androgen receptor expression is temporal in nature and dissipates with long-term administration [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

RhoA induction by functional overload and nandrolone decanoate administration in rat skeletal muscle

McClung

Lee

Thompson

et al. 2003

Pfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology

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The regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration and growth in response to functional overload is a coordinated interaction of mechanical and endocrine signaling pathways. This study's purpose was to determine if RhoA expression and activity in rat plantaris muscle was induced by functional overload with or without anabolic steroid administration. Male Sprague Dawley (125 g) rats were subjected to bilateral ablation of the gastrocnemius muscle for 3 and 21 days and treated with nandrolone decanoate (ND, 6 mg/kg b.w.) or sesame seed oil injections. Western blot analysis revealed that RhoA protein expression was induced 2.1-fold by overload and 1.9-fold by ND at 3 days. RhoA protein remained elevated by overload after 21 days (3.8-fold). In addition, RhoA protein expression in C2C12 myotubes was induced after 18 h of 1% (1.8-fold) or 2% (2.2-fold) chronic radial stretch. Competitive RT PCR revealed that RhoA mRNA concentration increased 1.9-fold with ND, 2.9-fold with overload, and 11.8-fold with overload and ND administration when compared to sham at 3 days, indicating pre-translational control of RhoA by ND and a synergism between ND and overload to up-regulate RhoA mRNA. The ratio of RhoA protein associated with the muscle membrane fraction, an indicator of RhoA activity, increased 3.7-fold after 3 days of overload compared to controls. Although ND with overload (3.8-fold) produced a larger induction of RhoA protein than overload alone, the ratio of RhoA protein associated with the membrane fraction was not altered by ND treatment at 3 days. In conclusion, RhoA is an integrator of both mechanical and growth factor signaling whose expression and activity are increased by the combination of anabolic steroid and functional overload treatments in rat plantaris muscle.

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“…The basis for the insensitivity to AAS effects on anxiety-like behaviors in these male mice is not known, but is unlikely to reflect an overall insensitivity of gonadally intact male mice to the actions of AAS arising from a “ceiling effect” imposed by endogenous androgens since high doses of AAS diminish testes weight and circulating testosterone (Clark et al, 1997). Similarly, a dearth of androgens, and thus androgen receptor signaling in the brain, is also an unlikely cause as radioimmunoassays of male mice injected with this AAS mixture demonstrate levels of testosterone in brain tissue (likely AAS-derived) that were greater than 8-fold those found in oil-injected controls (Penatti et al, 2009b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and exercise interact to alter the expression of anabolic androgenic steroid-induced anxiety-like behaviors in the mouse

Onakomaiya

Porter

Oberlander

et al. 2014

Hormones and Behavior

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Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are taken by both sexes to enhance athletic performance and body image, nearly always in conjunction with an exercise regime. Although taken to improve physical attributes, chronic AAS use can promote negative behavior, including anxiety. Few studies have directly compared the impact of AAS use in males versus females or assessed the interaction of exercise and AAS. We show that AAS increase anxiety-like behaviors in female but not male mice and that voluntary exercise accentuates these sex-specific differences. We also show that levels of the anxiogenic peptide corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) are significantly greater in males, but that AAS selectively increase CRF levels in females, thus abrogating this sex-specific difference. Exercise did not ameliorate AAS-induced anxiety or alter CRF levels in females. Exercise was anxiolytic in males, but this behavioral outcome did not correlate with CRF levels. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has also been implicated in the expression of anxiety. As with CRF, levels of hippocampal BDNF mRNA were significantly greater in males than females. AAS and exercise were without effect on BDNF mRNA in females. In males, anxiolytic effects of exercise correlated with increased BDNF mRNA, however AAS-induced changes in BDNF mRNA and anxiety did not. In sum, we find that AAS elicit sex-specific differences in anxiety and that voluntary exercise accentuates these differences. In addition, our data suggest that these behavioral outcomes may reflect convergent actions of AAS and exercise on a sexually differentiated CRF signaling system within the extended amygdala.

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Anabolic–Androgenic Steroid Effects on the Sexual Behavior of Intact Male Rats

Cited by 55 publications

References 27 publications

Anabolic–androgenic steroid effects on nociception and morphine antinociception in male rats

Anabolic–androgenic steroid effects on nociception and morphine antinociception in male rats

RhoA induction by functional overload and nandrolone decanoate administration in rat skeletal muscle

Sex and exercise interact to alter the expression of anabolic androgenic steroid-induced anxiety-like behaviors in the mouse

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