An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of electrochemically deposited Fe–P thin films on copper substrate

Aravinda, C. L.; Bera, Parthasarathi; Jayaram, Vikram; Mayanna, S. M.

doi:10.1016/s0169-4332(02)00171-x

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It is known that XPS spectra can be used to determine the oxidation state and the environment of Fe. [29][30][31] For samples 1-5, the measured binding energy of O1s was approximately 530 eV, which agreed with binding energy of O1s line for ferric oxide. 31 The binding energy of O1s for sample 6 was 531.7 eV, which was significantly larger than that of the other samples and meant having two components.…”

Section: Results and Analysissupporting

confidence: 73%

Preparation of magnetic nanoparticles via chemically induced transition

Chen

Mao

et al. 2017

Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology

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Using an FeOOH/Mg(OH) 2 precursor, maghemite-based magnetic nanoparticles can be prepared by a chemically induced transition in an Iron(II) chloride (FeCl 2 ) treating solution. FeCl 2 solutions of various concentrations were used to investigate the dependence of sample components and magnetization on the treating solution. The bulk chemical species, crystal structures, surface chemical components, morphologies, and specific magnetizations of the samples were characterized. When the concentration of FeCl 2 solution was in a moderate range of 0.060-0.250 M, maghemite nanoparticles coated by hydromolysite, that is, maghemite/hydromolysite nanoparticles, could be prepared. At lower concentrations, below 0.030 M, the samples contained maghemite/hydromolysite and magnesium oxide nanoparticles, and at higher concentrations, up to 1.000 M, the samples contained maghemite/hydromolysite and hydromolysite nanoparticles. The molar and mass percentages of each phase were estimated for each sample. The apparent magnetization behavior of the samples, which exhibited a non-monotonic variation with increasing concentration of FeCl 2 solution, is explained from the variation of mass percentage of the maghemite phase with concentration.

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Section: Results and Analysissupporting

confidence: 73%

Preparation of magnetic nanoparticles via chemically induced transition

Chen

Mao

et al. 2017

Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology

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“…An intense peak located at 532.0 eV is related to oxygen associated with P 5+ . Most probable P related species for this higher binding energy peak is phosphate (PO 4 3− ) . Again, alkalization of the electrolyte occurs at the cathode layer because of hydrogen evolution during electrodeposition leading to the formation of Co(OH) 2 species on the alloy coating surface , which is evident from Co2p core level spectrum of as‐deposited coating.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Again, alkalization of the electrolyte occurs at the cathode layer because of hydrogen evolution during electrodeposition leading to the formation of Co(OH) 2 species on the alloy coating surface , which is evident from Co2p core level spectrum of as‐deposited coating. O1s binding energy value of oxygen attached with P is close to that of metal hydroxide species with little higher region . So its binding energy can overlap with that of metal hydroxide species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of P codeposition on the structure and microhardness of Co–W coatings electrodeposited from gluconate bath

Seenivasan

Bera

2016

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Effects of addition of P to Co-W coatings from gluconate bath using direct current (DC) and pulse current (PC) methods have been investigated in this study. Co-W-P coatings with different P concentrations are prepared by varying hypophosphite concentration in the bath. Current efficiency of the Co-W-P electrodeposition is lower than that for Co-W coatings. Increase in NaH 2 PO 2 concentration increases the cobalt content significantly and decreases the tungsten content drastically. Co-W-P coatings display 'cauliflower-like' morphology and roughness of the coatings increases with increasing P content. As-deposited Co-W-P deposits are amorphous while heat treatment at different temperatures has rendered them crystalline with the precipitation of stable species like, Co 3 W, Co 2 P, etc. Unlike Co-W coatings, Co-W-P shows two-step crystallization in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and on heat treatment, which is similar to the behavior of Co-P electrodeposited from gluconate baths. Moreover, inclusion of phosphorous and heat treatment have led to significant increase in microhardness of the Co-W-P coatings. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies provide a detailed insight into the nature of Co, W and P species in as-deposited and sputtered coatings. Microhardness of the heat-treated coatings is higher than the as-deposited counterparts and is comparable with that of hard chromium.

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“…Most probable P related species for this higher binding energy peak is phosphate (PO 4 3− ). 28,30,34 Again, alkalization of the electrolyte occurs at the cathode layer due to hydrogen evolution during electrodeposition leading to the formation of Co(OH) 2 species on the alloy coating surface which is evident from Co2p core level spectrum of as-deposited coating. 24 O1s binding energy value of oxygen attached with P is close to that of metal hydroxide species with little higher region.…”

Section: Xps Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 O1s binding energy value of oxygen attached with P is close to that of metal hydroxide species with little higher region. 10,28,30,33,34 So its binding energy can overlap with that of metal hydroxide species.…”

Section: Xps Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

CHARACTERIZATION AND HARDNESS OFCo–PCOATINGS OBTAINED FROM DIRECT CURRENT ELECTRODEPOSITION USING GLUCONATE BATH

et al. 2013

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Direct current electrodeposition of Co – P alloy coatings were carried out using gluconate bath and they were characterized by employing techniques like XRD, FESEM, DSC and XPS. Broad XRD lines demonstrate the amorphous nature of Co – P coatings. Spherical and rough nodules are observed on the surface of coatings as seen from FESEM images. Three exothermic peaks around 290, 342 and 390°C in DSC profiles of Co – P coatings could be attributed to the crystallization and formation of Co 2 P phase in the coatings. As-deposited coatings consist of Co metal and oxidized Co species as revealed by XPS studies. Bulk alloy P ( P δ-) as well as oxidized P ( P 5+) are present on the surface of coatings. Concentrations of Co metal and P δ- increase with successive sputtering of the coating. Observed microhardness value is 1005 HK when Co – P coating obtained from 10 g L-1 NaH 2 PO 2 is heated at 400°C that is comparable with hard chromium coatings.

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An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of electrochemically deposited Fe–P thin films on copper substrate

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Preparation of magnetic nanoparticles via chemically induced transition

Preparation of magnetic nanoparticles via chemically induced transition

Effect of P codeposition on the structure and microhardness of Co–W coatings electrodeposited from gluconate bath

CHARACTERIZATION AND HARDNESS OFCo–PCOATINGS OBTAINED FROM DIRECT CURRENT ELECTRODEPOSITION USING GLUCONATE BATH

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