An x‐ray induced block preventing cell degeneration and accompanying an inhibition of cell division in yeast

Spoerl, Edward; Nields, Howard W.; Plisich, John J.

doi:10.1002/jcp.1030560108

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Selective permeability changes, observed in other experiments (5), could be important factors involved in the COz response. These experiments have been part of an effort to describe cellular changes which occur along with an inhibition of cell division by low doses of radiation (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

THE INFLUENCE OF SOME HEXITOLS AND SUGARS ON CO₂PRODUCTION BY STARVED AND X-IRRADIATED, STARVED YEAST CELLS

Spoerl¹,

Doyle²

1967

Can. J. Microbiol.

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The rates of CO? production from glucose by irradiated and unirradiated yeast cells (incubated 21 hours in solutions of mannitol, ribose, methyl glucose, or cellobiose) were the same; but in a similar experiment, involving a 21-hour incubation in water, irradiated cells produced COa a t a higher rate than did unirradiated cells. Incubation of the cells with the above compounds also eliminated a lag period in COz output and preserved a high capacity t o produce CO?. On the other hand, incubation with glucose or fructose, though it eliminated the lag, lowered the rate of CO? output and did not eliminate the difference in output between irradiated and unirradiated cells. Conversion of cells to spheroplasts also eliminated the radiation-induced difference in the rate of Cop production, and, because sorbitol was used as a stabilizing agent for the spheroplasts, suggested first that sorbitol and other hexitols and sugars be examined. Reincubation, after a 21-hour starvation in water, with any of the compounds tested removed thc lag period, though COz output was reduced.glycolytic processes, some part of the sugar transport mechanism, or some facet of other regulatory or structural capacity wl~ich in unirradiated cells was rendered less active by starvation. Selective permeability changes, observed in other experiments (5), could be important factors involved in the COz response. These experiments have been part of an effort to describe cellular changes which occur along with an inhibition of cell division by low doses of radiation (6).We describe experiments below in which the difference in COZ productioil between starved irradiated and unirradiated cells was eliminated by converting the cells to spheroplasts or by incubating them with a hexitol or a sugar. Materials and MethodsYeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevirine) of our regular strain were irradiated (250 kvp, 1.1 mm Cu half value layer) during exponential growth for a 2-hour period a t 1.5 IcR/hour, as measured by the Friclce dosimeter, or were carried as controls without irradiation. They were then washed twice with distilled water by centrifugation, resuspended (4 X lo7 cells per milliliter) at double their final growth concentration in water or in water containing the indicated hexitol or sugar, and incubated on a shaking machine a t 28.5 "C for 21 hours (cells incubated in water only are referred to as starving or starved cells). After incubation, the cells were washed twice with water, except where it is specifically noted otherwise. After washing, the cells were suspended for conversion to spheroplasts, or were resuspended for Warburg measurements

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confidence: 99%

THE INFLUENCE OF SOME HEXITOLS AND SUGARS ON CO₂PRODUCTION BY STARVED AND X-IRRADIATED, STARVED YEAST CELLS

Spoerl¹,

Doyle²

1967

Can. J. Microbiol.

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“…Because only a partial relationship between viability and C 0 2 production was found (a parallel decrease), measurements of viability after incubation with other sugars were not made. Lack of correlation between viability and glycolytic activity has been observed in other cases (17).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Yeast cells (Saccharomyces cere~~isiae, originally isolated from a cake of Fleishmanns bakers' yeast) were grown and handled as previously described (12,17). Exponential phasecells were harvested and washed twice with distilled water by centrifugation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rate of C 0 2 production is increased and the lag in output characteristic of starved cells does not occur. Starvation of exponential phase cells normally reduces their capacity to use oxygen and to produce C 0 2 (17). Though the activity of glycolytic erlzymes appears to be unaffected (1 5), various changes may occur in yeast cells during starvation, includirig a depletion or rearrangement of carbohydrate reserves (1) and turnover of proteins and nucleic acids (8).…”

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Selective enhancement of glycolytic activity by incubation of yeast cells in sugars and polyols

Spoerl¹,

Doyle²

1968

Can. J. Microbiol.

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Incubation of yeast cells for 21 hours in solutions of certain sugars and polyols produces cells capable of forming CO2 from glucose at a high rate and without an initial lag as compared to cells starved by incubation in water. Other sugars and other compounds, including amino acids, purines and pyrimidines, and organic and inorganic salts, were ineffective o r reduced C 0 2 production. Readily metabolized sugars were effective at concentrations of 0.001 M , poorly metabolized sugars required higher concentration, and non-metabolized sugars were ineffective. However, mannitol and sorbitol, non-metabolized polyols structurally related to utilized sugars, were effective. Alcohols and polyols added to the cells after incubation in water overcame the lag period. Sugars produced a persistent change, acted faster than polyols, and were more effective in the presence of non-effective compounds. Readily utilized sugars a t high concentrations reduced cell viability and the decarboxylase-and C02-producing capacities of cell extracts. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide contents of extracts did not indicate deficiencies, and differences in adenosine triphosphate contents appeared not to be significant. The data may be interpreted as evidence for an effect by the sugars and polyols primarily upon intracellular membranes.We have noted, in studies with X-irradiated yeast, that cells incubated in solutions of certain sugars or hexitols have a greater capacity to produce C 0 2 than cells starved by incubation in water (12,14). The rate of C 0 2 production is increased and the lag in output characteristic of starved cells does not occur. Starvation of exponential phase cells normally reduces their capacity to use oxygen and to produce C 0 2 (17). Though the activity of glycolytic erlzymes appears to be unaffected (1 5), various changes may occur in yeast cells during starvation, includirig a depletion or rearrangement of carbohydrate reserves (1) and turnover of proteins and nucleic acids (8). Even in this complex situation it seemed possible that an altered capacity to produce C02, a reasonably specific effect, could serve as a key to study the mechanisms by which sugars and hexitols influence these cells.In the studies reported below, only sugars and sugar alcohols (polyols), among many compounds included during incubation, enhanced C 0 2 production. A structural specificity, related to sugar usability, appears to be necessary for effectiveness. The action of alkyl alcohols in eliminating the lag period suggests that a change in the internal membranes of the yeast cells may be involved in the altered C 0 2 response. Materials and MethodsYeast cells (Saccharomyces cere~~isiae, originally isolated from a cake of Fleishmanns bakers' yeast) were grown and handled as previously described (12,17). Exponential phasecells were harvested and washed twice with distilled water by centrifugation. The cells were resuspended at double their final growth concentration (4 X 107 cells/ml in all cases, to avoid a possible difference in respon...

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“…were X-irradiated for a 2-hr period (Spoerl and Looney, 1958a;Spoerl et al, 1960). A dose of 2 kr/hr was used (250 kv, 30 ma, 0.5 mm Cu plus 1.0 mm Al added filtration).…”

Section: Growing Cultures Of Saccharornyces Cerevisiaementioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose Uptake and Dissimilation by X-Irradiated, Starved, and Division-Inhibited Yeast

Spoerl

Quiner

1961

J Bacteriol

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SPOERL, EDWARD (U. S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, Ky.) AND C. W. QUINER. Glucose uptake and dissimilation by X-irradiated, starved, and division-inhibited yeast. J. Bacteriol. 82 :764-769. 1961.-Estimates of the relative participation of the pentose cycle and the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathways in sugar dissimilation, by means of C1402 recoveries from yeast cells fed specifically labeled glucose, showed significant differences indicating less pentose cycle activity in starved irradiated

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An x‐ray induced block preventing cell degeneration and accompanying an inhibition of cell division in yeast

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

THE INFLUENCE OF SOME HEXITOLS AND SUGARS ON CO₂PRODUCTION BY STARVED AND X-IRRADIATED, STARVED YEAST CELLS

THE INFLUENCE OF SOME HEXITOLS AND SUGARS ON CO₂PRODUCTION BY STARVED AND X-IRRADIATED, STARVED YEAST CELLS

Selective enhancement of glycolytic activity by incubation of yeast cells in sugars and polyols

Glucose Uptake and Dissimilation by X-Irradiated, Starved, and Division-Inhibited Yeast

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An x‐ray induced block preventing cell degeneration and accompanying an inhibition of cell division in yeast

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

THE INFLUENCE OF SOME HEXITOLS AND SUGARS ON CO2PRODUCTION BY STARVED AND X-IRRADIATED, STARVED YEAST CELLS

THE INFLUENCE OF SOME HEXITOLS AND SUGARS ON CO2PRODUCTION BY STARVED AND X-IRRADIATED, STARVED YEAST CELLS

Selective enhancement of glycolytic activity by incubation of yeast cells in sugars and polyols

Glucose Uptake and Dissimilation by X-Irradiated, Starved, and Division-Inhibited Yeast

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THE INFLUENCE OF SOME HEXITOLS AND SUGARS ON CO₂PRODUCTION BY STARVED AND X-IRRADIATED, STARVED YEAST CELLS

THE INFLUENCE OF SOME HEXITOLS AND SUGARS ON CO₂PRODUCTION BY STARVED AND X-IRRADIATED, STARVED YEAST CELLS