An X-ray image intensifier for microsecond time-resolved experiments

Abstract

Persistence of an X-ray image intensifier with a YAG (P46, Y 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce 3+ ) phosphor in the output window was examined using X-ray pulses from a storage ring and a high-speed CMOS camera. Because of the fast decay of the YAG fluorescence (60 ns), persistence of CsI:Na + in the input window dominates the decay of intensity of the image intensifier. As reported before, persistence of CsI:Na + had two major components when fitted with two exponential functions, a fast one around 600 ns and a slow one about 7 µs. In addition, it was found that a slower component, which is small but takes tens of microseconds to decay, also exists. Thus, this detector should be used with caution at a time resolution higher than about 50 µs when high accuracy of measurement is required.

Dynamic 3D visualization of active protein′s motion using diffracted X-ray tracking

“…Microseconds scale time resolution could be possible by modification of the phosphor on the out-put window in an X-ray image intensifier. 22) Despite the photoncounting pixel array detectors with fast readout are available, such as PILATUS or EIGER (DECTRIS, Switzerland), the frame-rate is still limited to around several 1000 frames per second.…”

Diffracted X-ray Tracking Method for Measuring Intramolecular Dynamics of Membrane Proteins

“…A faster camera system FASTCAM SA1.1 (Photron Limited, Tokyo, Japan) combinated with an improved incident X-ray source and gold-nanocrystal quality enhanced the signalto-noise ratio of data and enabled recording at a frame rate of 100 microseconds for AChBP and TRPV1 analysis [14,15,25]. AChBP is a homolog of the extracellular ligand-binding domain of nAChR and was used as a water-soluble model for the domain.…”