An X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) investigation in human and animal fossil bones from Holocene to Middle Triassic

Piga, Giampaolo; Santos-Cubedo, Andrés; Solà, Salvador Moyà; Brunetti, Antonio; Malgosa, Assumpció; Enzo, Stefano

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2009.04.013

Cited by 67 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Fibre temper was sometimes associated with calcium phosphate (apatite) and iron phosphate (vivianite) grains (TG C), which may have resulted from phosphatic mineralisation of plant fibres (Green 1979) in the temper, or the addition of crushed bone or fossil material (Kuczumow et al 2010;Piga et al 2009) to the clay fabric. Reef debris can consist of skeletal material (bioclasts) which can be found in beach sands as rounded or subrounded particles.…”

Section: Discussion Of the Temper Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextualising the Neolithic Occupation of Southern Vietnam: The Role of Ceramics and Potters at An Son

Sarjeant¹

2014

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terra australis 42Terra Australis reports the results of archaeological and related research within the south and east of Asia, though mainly Australia, New Guinea and island Melanesia -lands that remained terra australis incognita to generations of prehistorians. Its subject is the settlement of the diverse environments in this isolated quarter of the globe by peoples who have maintained their discrete and traditional ways of life into the recent recorded or remembered past and at times into the observable present. Dewey Number: 666.09597 List of volumes in Terra AustralisCopyright of the text remains with the authors, 2014. This book is copyright in all countries subscribing to the Berne convention. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Inquiries should be made to the publisher.Cover image courtesy of C. Sarjeant.Back cover map: Hollandia Nova. Thevenot 1663 by courtesy of the National Library of Australia. Reprinted with permission of the National Library of Australia. The excavations at An Sơn were funded by a Discovery Grant from the Australian Research Council. My own research was funded by the Australian Postgraduate Award.The analysis of the ceramic fabrics was conducted with SEM-EDX at the Electron Microscopy Unit at The Australian National University, with guidance from Frank Brink. I would also like to thank Glenn Summerhayes for teaching me the benefits and methods of SEM and the electron microprobe.There are a number of people I would like to recognise for their support over the past few years. Charles Higham has always offered advice and provided useful information over the years, even after departing the University of Otago after my Master's. Nigel Chang initially invited me to Ban Non Wat eight years ago, and allowed me to visit again to review the more recent neolithic discoveries in 2009. Fiorella Rispoli and Roberto Ciarla shared their knowledge of the neolithic in central Vietnam, and Fiorella's wealth of knowledge on ceramics has always been a reference for me. Lâm Thị Mỹ Dung opened up the ceramic collections at the University of Hanoi to me in 2009, which offered some valuable comparative ideas for this monograph. Louise Cort and Joyce White organised a workshop on Southeast Asian ceramics in Washington, DC and Philadelphia in 2010; an event from which I gained much inspiration and I feel privileged to have been a part of it. I would also like to acknowledge those individuals from afar who were interested in my research -it helped to keep the inspiration going, so thanks to Andreas Reinecke, Nishimura Masanari, and those I met at conferences over these past few years.Closer to home, I would like to thank Anna Willis for her knowledge about mortuary ritual at An Sơn. I am also grateful for the new insights into southern Vietnamese archaeology after working alongside Philip Piper at Rạch Núi. Thanks to Judith Cameron who was so supp...

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Section: Discussion Of the Temper Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextualising the Neolithic Occupation of Southern Vietnam: The Role of Ceramics and Potters at An Son

Sarjeant¹

2014

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“…Fibertempered fabrics contain plant remains that in most cases can be identified as rice chaff (see Tomber et al 2011 for comparable images), and these are present from the base of the deposits excavated in 2009 but were not present in the very basal layer 3-5 excavated in 1997. Fiber tempers were sometimes associated with calcium phosphate (apatite) and iron phosphate (vivianite), which may be the result of phosphatic mineralization of the plant fibers (Green 1979) in the temper, or the addition of crushed bone as well as fiber to the clay fabric (Kuczumow et al 2010;Piga et al 2009).…”

Section: The Dating Of the An Son Occupationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Son and the Neolithic of Southern Vietnam

Bellwood¹,

Oxenham²,

Hoang³

et al. 2011

asi

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Between 4500 and 3500 years ago, partially intrusive Neolithic populations in the riverine basins of mainland Southeast Asia began to form mounded settlements and to develop economies based on rice cultivation, fishing, hunting, and the domestication of animals, especially pigs and dogs. A number of these sites have been excavated in recent years and they are often large mounds that can attain several meters in depth, comprising successive layers of alluvial soil brought in periodically to serve as living floors. The site of An Son is of this type and lies in a small valley immediately north of the Mekong Delta in southern Vietnam. Excavated on five occasions since 1978, and most recently in 2009, it was occupied from the late third into the late second millennium b.c . An Son has produced evidence that attests the domestication of pigs and dogs in all layers apart (perhaps) from the most basal one, which was not investigated in 2009, together with the growing of rice of the subspecies Oryza sativa japonica , of Chinese Neolithic origin. The oldest pottery has simple incised and punctate zoned decoration with parallels in central Thailand, especially in the basal phases at Nong Nor and Khok Phanom Di. From its middle and later occupation phases (1800–1200 b.c .), An Son has produced a number of supine extended burials with finely decorated pottery grave goods that carry some unique forms, especially vessels with wavy or serrated rims. The An Son burials represent a Neolithic population that expressed a mixture of both indigenous Hoabinhian and more northerly (probably Neolithic southern Chinese) cranial and dental phenotypes, perhaps representing a likely ancestral population for some of the modern Austroasiatic-speaking populations of mainland Southeast Asia.

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“…Bones and teeth are often the only direct remains of animals and humans and hence represent valuable archives that are able to give stratigraphic, paleontological and archaeological data [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to this, severe changes involving the structure and chemical composition of bones may also occur during the fossilization process. [2][3].…”

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confidence: 99%

A structural approach in the study of bones: fossil and burnt bones at nanosize scale

et al. 2016

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We review the different factors affecting significantly mineral structure and composition of bones.Particularly, it is assessed that micro-nano-structural and chemical properties of skeleton bones change drastically during burning; the micro-and nano-structural changes attending those phases manifest themselves, amongst others, in observable alterations to the bones colour, morphology, microstructure, mechanical strength and crystallinity.Intense changes involving the structure and chemical composition of bones also occur during the fossilization process. Bioapatite material is contaminated by an heavy fluorination process which, on a long-time scale reduces sensibly the volume of the original unit cell, mainly the a-axis of the 2 hexagonal P63/m space group. Moreover, the bioapatite suffers to a varying degree of extent by phase contamination from the nearby environment, to the point that rarely a fluorapatite single phase may be found in fossil bones here examined.TEM images supply precise and localized information, on apatite crystal shape and dimension, and on different processes that occur during thermal processes or fossilization of ancient bone.complementary to that given by X-ray Diffraction and Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared spectroscopy. We are presenting a synthesis of XRD, ATR-IR and TEM results on the nanostructure of various modern, burned and palaeontological bones.

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An X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) investigation in human and animal fossil bones from Holocene to Middle Triassic

Cited by 67 publications

References 25 publications

Contextualising the Neolithic Occupation of Southern Vietnam: The Role of Ceramics and Potters at An Son

Contextualising the Neolithic Occupation of Southern Vietnam: The Role of Ceramics and Potters at An Son

An Son and the Neolithic of Southern Vietnam

A structural approach in the study of bones: fossil and burnt bones at nanosize scale

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