An X-Ray Detector Using a Fluorescent Material ZnS:Ag Attached on a Phototransistor in Darlington Configuration

Kusminarto,; Fadela, Ramacos

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.771.21

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Sensitive and low‐dose X‐ray detection is vital in medicine, industry, and science. [ 1–3 ] Two major technologies are used to construct X‐ray detectors, namely, indirect and direct approaches, [ 4–11 ] as illustrated in Figure a and Figure S1a, Supporting Information. Comparatively, the direct approach that involves the one‐step creation of electron–hole pairs (EHPs) in a semiconductor photoconductor through the absorption of X‐ray photons is more compelling owing to its high photoelectric conversion efficiency and high intrinsic spatial resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrathin and Ultrasensitive Direct X‐ray Detector Based on Heterojunction Phototransistors

Gao

Wang

et al. 2021

Advanced Materials

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Most contemporary X‐ray detectors adopt device structures with non/low‐gain energy conversion, such that a fairly thick X‐ray photoconductor or scintillator is required to generate sufficient X‐ray‐induced charges, and thus numerous merits for thin devices, such as mechanical flexibility and high spatial resolution, have to be compromised. This dilemma is overcome by adopting a new high‐gain device concept of a heterojunction X‐ray phototransistor. In contrast to conventional detectors, X‐ray phototransistors allow both electrical gating and photodoping for effective carrier‐density modulation, leading to high photoconductive gain and low noise. As a result, ultrahigh sensitivities of over 105 μC Gyair−1 cm−2 with low detection limit are achieved by just using an ≈50 nm thin photoconductor. The employment of ultrathin photoconductors also endows the detectors with superior flexibility and high imaging resolution. This concept offers great promise in realizing well‐balanced detection performance, mechanical flexibility, integration, and cost for next‐generation X‐ray detectors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrathin and Ultrasensitive Direct X‐ray Detector Based on Heterojunction Phototransistors

Gao

Wang

et al. 2021

Advanced Materials

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“…Research on X-Ray detectors from Kusminarto made a research in the form of X-Ray detectors using a phototransistor with Darlington amplification to examine the active regions of horizontal and vertical X-Rays. However, this study only measures the ability of the phototransistor to capture X-Rays, not as a detector to produce images [21] [22]. Research conducted by Damulira uses a BPW34 type Photodiode as a detector to capture X-Rays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Design of Flat Panel Detector with Phototransistor PH101 Analysis of The Tube Voltage Setting

Havilda¹,

Mak’ruf²,

Indrato³

et al. 2022

j.teknokes

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The intensity and quality of the X-Rays a patient receives is determined by the exposure factor. Voltage (kV), Current (mA), Time (seconds), and tube-to-film distance (FFD) are exposure factors that can be controlled and determined. The key factor that can determine the quality of X-Rays is the tube voltage (kV) which affects the X-Rays to penetrate objects. The purpose of this research is to improve image quality and relatively affordable manufacturing costs by obtaining the difference in the detector catch value between dark and light by utilizing the response of the PH101 phototransistor sensor. The contribution of this research is that the system can display grayscale and numeric on a 16x16 pixel matrix using the Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) application. This research can convert images taken from analog data after measuring the phototransistor PH101 on X-Rays. The measurement settings used are 50, 55, 60, and 70kV, with a tube current of 40 mA and an irradiation time of 1 second. The measurement results show that the Flat Panel Detector Design can respond to differences in doses and objects. This research shows that a Flat Panel Detector and a Phototransistor PH101 sensor have been successfully made which can be used to capture X-Rays so that the black level of the film can be determined.

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“…(Missailidis et al, 2007). Furthermore, CT (computed tomography) scans are among significant utility instances applied to detect abnormalities or diseases (Kusminarto, 2015), (Fitousi, 2017). Also, cobalt-60 machines and medical linear accelerators are widely used for radiotherapy from external sources (Healy et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Dose Rate Measurement for Protection Programs in the Work Environment for the Health Workers: An Experimental Study

Fardela¹,

Suparta²,

Ashari³

et al. 2020

PTQ

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Radiation is the energy emitted from electrons in particles or photons (waves) and is classified into nonionized and ionized. Ionizing radiation demonstrates the ability to disintegrate matter along its path and has proven beneficial in medicine. Exposure to this energy tends to instigate adverse effects on human health and heredity (genetics). However, the radiation is not directly measured but requires a nuclear detector to serve as a monitoring device. Radiation workers’ awareness of ionizing radiation levels in the work environment is one of the most important factors in preventing the negative effects of radioactivity. This is possibly identified using various types of detectors. This experiment aimed to provide an overview of radiation dose rate measurement under two conditions. First is the event of contamination in the work environment. The second involves using a detector to solely determine the dose rate from a single source, e.g., gamma radiation. Therefore, the radiation dose rate was evaluated by maximizing the use of detectors with a GUI as a survey meter for contamination. The highest rate (261.42 μSv / h) was observed at a distance of 5 mm, while the least (69.21 μSv / h) was recorded at 50 mm. Also, a dose rate of 5.4 μSv / h and 1.32 μSv / h was obtained at a 5 mm and 50 mm distance from the radiation source, respectively, following the operation as a gamma survey meter. This result shows strong linearity between both measurements and is estimated to accurately determine the contamination level of radioactive elements, alongside the doses rate of the gamma radiation emitting elements.

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An X-Ray Detector Using a Fluorescent Material ZnS:Ag Attached on a Phototransistor in Darlington Configuration

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Ultrathin and Ultrasensitive Direct X‐ray Detector Based on Heterojunction Phototransistors

Ultrathin and Ultrasensitive Direct X‐ray Detector Based on Heterojunction Phototransistors

An Improved Design of Flat Panel Detector with Phototransistor PH101 Analysis of The Tube Voltage Setting

Radiation Dose Rate Measurement for Protection Programs in the Work Environment for the Health Workers: An Experimental Study

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