An Utilization of Palm Fuel Ash (POFA) and Ceramic Waste as Cement Materials Replacement in Concrete Production

Abstract

The consumption of agricultural and industrial wastes has grown rapidly across the world which leads to create large quantities of wastes. It reflects the problem of having a limited number of landfills due to a huge amount of waste produced. Therefore, the solution is recycle the agricultural and industrial wastes as one of the materials use in concrete. Agricultural and industrial wastes were selected as cement replacement in a concrete production. This study aims to investigate the concrete properties containing palm oil fuel ash (POFA) and ceramic tile wastes, such as workability, compressive and splitting tensile strength. The concrete mix design ratio was designed for concrete grade strength 30 and water cement ratio of 0.55. Testing for compressive strength was measured at 7 and 28 days and for tensile strength only at 28 days. This research finds that with combination of 5% POFA and 10% ceramic with 27.1 MPa for compressive strength and 2.5 MPa for tensile strength will be the optimum mix design to replace cement in concrete. This research helps to improve the knowledge, increase the level of environmental awareness and understanding the importance and recycling the construction waste generated.

Incorporation of Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Egg shell Powder as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Sustainable Foamed Concrete

“…According to Neville [3], NWC has Poisson's ratio ranging from 0.15 to 0.22, lightweight aggregate concrete being at the lower end of the range. However, there has been no limited information regarding the Poisson's ratio range of foamed concrete.…”

“…The feasibility, availability and durability have made concrete to become the most widely preferred construction and building material, and it is being used in vast applications ranging from construction of buildings to bridges, sidewalks and highway pavements to dams etc. [2], but it is also a very costly material according to market prices [3].…”

“…But over the years, its increased self-weight on the structure and high consumption of raw materials have become its drawback. NWC whose density ranges from 2200 to 2600 kg/m 3 [4] exerts permanent stresses on the structure in the form of dead load. The increase in density of NWC, increases the self-weight which exerts permanent stresses on the structural building.…”

“…Cement is a vital ingredient of all types of concrete; thus, with the increase in construction using concrete, the demand for production of cement increases. Researchers [3,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] have focused on the utilization of waste materials attempting to find alternative cementitious materials that can be used instead of cement and resolving the ever-growing environmental issues related to the generation of waste materials.…”

A Comparative Study Investigating the Feasibility and Potential of Utilising Polymer, Demolition & Glass Waste as a Partial Replacement for Fine and Coarse Aggregate in Concrete

“…Contemporary studies have conducted experimental studies to partially replace the aggregate with a dualpurpose option of absorbing a portion of around 2 billion tons/ year of solid waste going into sea/ landfill and to economically formulate eco-friendly concrete composites targeting improved mechanical properties by employing specific mixing ratios. The researchers have been using different percentages of cement replacement/ enhancement materials like pulverised fly ash, metakaolin, ground granulated blast furnace slag, palm ash, rice husk ash, the fibres like glass fibres, wheat straw, polypropylene fibres, steel fibres, and fine/ coarse aggregate replacements like crushed/ shredded glass, crumb rubber, crushed/ shredded PET bottles, shredded tyres and recycled concrete aggregates as economic/ eco-friendly considerations [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40].…”