An “urban voluntary association” in the rural South? Urbanity, race, and the United Daughters of the Confederacy, 1910–1930

Chamberlain, Adam; Yanus, Alixandra B.

doi:10.1080/21565503.2021.1906284

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Associations with strong regional presence also demand attention. Recent research on the United Daughters of the Confederacy-one of the cases included in our present analysis-shows that this is possible Yanus, 2021a, 2021b). Finally, women's auxiliaries of male federated fraternal organizations have received comparatively little attention, though these often played a central role in developing women's organizing and political skills (Clawson, 1986).…”

Section: Implications and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Evaluating federated voluntary associations’ membership data: An application of Benford's Law

Chamberlain

Yanus

2021

Social Science Quarterly

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Objective: Large, federated voluntary associations of the late 19th and early 20th centuries produced detailed reports of national meetings that included comprehensive data on statelevel membership. Though used in previous scholarship, the veracity of these data has never been evaluated. Methods: We test 16 associations' state-level membership data, generally between 1880 and 1920, using Benford's Law, a mathematical principle used to discern whether data are potentially problematic-through error, fraud, or other reasons-and require further investigation. Results: Our initial analyses reveal that these data deviate statistically from Benford's predictions. Further investigation, however, finds that these differences are not substantively significant; an aggregate measure of all associations shows close conformity to the Newcomb-Benford distribution. Conclusion:The data presented in voluntary associations' annual reports are likely trustworthy. These findings have important implications for future use of these data, other association data, and the role of associations in promoting civil society. Federated voluntary membership associations have been credited as the organizing force behind the American "nation of joiners" (Schlesinger, 1944). Scholars have devoted substantial attention to understanding these groups' development, operations, membership, and prominence in civic and political life. These analyses have chronicled associations' reach in American cities (Gamm and Putnam, 1999), detailed groups' influence on public policy (

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Section: Implications and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Evaluating federated voluntary associations’ membership data: An application of Benford's Law

Chamberlain

Yanus

2021

Social Science Quarterly

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“…At the outset of the Golden Age, the American population was predominantly rural; by 1920, the U.S. Census reported that the nation—fueled in part by both a growing passenger rail system and immigration—had become a majority urban. This demographic shift may have positively affected the demand for fraternal organizations since increasing urbanity often coincided with the formation and development of voluntary associations (Brown 1974; Chamberlain 2020; Chamberlain and Yanus 2021; Gamm and Putnam 1999). Likewise, new immigrants may have been particularly attracted to fraternal orders (Peterson 1992; Kaufman and Weintraub 2004), as joining these groups created conformity with the activities and standards of white, native‐born men.…”

Section: The Demand For Fraternalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Statistical evidence strongly suggests that total membership reported by large, federated voluntary associations-including these three orders-are reliable recordings of membership(Chamberlain and Yanus 2021).4 Membership numbers were measured for a full calendar year for the KOP, the IOOF (starting in 1872), and the IORM (starting in 1906). For the IOOF (1865-1871) and the IORM (1874-1905), the measures went from June of the previous year to June of the current year.…”

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confidence: 99%

Shaping the rise of brotherhood: Social, political, and economic contexts and the “Golden Age of Fraternalism”

Chamberlain

Yanus

2022

Social Science Quarterly

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This study seeks to investigate how social, political, and economic factors shaped demand for membership in three major federated fraternal orders in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries: the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, and the Improved Order of Red Men. Methods: Error-correction, time-series-cross-sectional models are estimated using state-level data, with the first differences in total membership, new initiations, and suspensions serving as dependent variables. Results: We find evidence that railroads, urbanization, immigration, bank panics, and presidential election years all had significant effects on membership; those effects, however, varied by fraternal order. Conclusion:The demand for American fraternalism was affected by civil society, politics, and the economy in ways that scholars have not previously studied.

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Confederate Monuments and Anti-Black Stereotypes in the U.S. South

O’Connell

2024

Sociology of Race and Ethnicity

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I advance understanding of Confederate monuments through a large-scale examination of the linkage between individual racial attitudes and the presence of a Confederate monument on public property with a “Lost Cause” inscription. I rely on restricted access General Social Survey data (2010–2014) and an extensive inventory of Confederate monuments located in counties across the U.S. South. The focal outcome provides insight into expressions of anti-Black stereotypes among non-Hispanic Whites; however, I include sensitivity analyses to provide context for this central dynamic. I find evidence of a relationship between Confederate monuments and greater anti-Black racial attitudes among non-Hispanic Whites. However, this result is confined to anti-Black stereotypes; no other outcome—regarding Black, Asian, or Hispanic Americans—exhibits a robust, direct relationship with the presence of a Confederate monument. I argue the observed relationship is driven by racialized cultural frames emphasizing the Black-White boundary that are linked to Confederate monuments with a “Lost Cause” inscription.

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An “urban voluntary association” in the rural South? Urbanity, race, and the United Daughters of the Confederacy, 1910–1930

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Evaluating federated voluntary associations’ membership data: An application of Benford's Law

Evaluating federated voluntary associations’ membership data: An application of Benford's Law

Shaping the rise of brotherhood: Social, political, and economic contexts and the “Golden Age of Fraternalism”

Confederate Monuments and Anti-Black Stereotypes in the U.S. South

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