An urban circulation model

Bach, Wilfrid

doi:10.1007/bf02243024

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These are annual average values within the urbanized limits of the cities. The data does not include suburban or rural surrounds (Bach 1970;Ka1ma et al 1973;Kalma and Byrne 1975;Ka1ma and Newcombe 1976;Bowling and Benson 1978;Ojima and Moriyama 1983;SMIC 1971;Olce 1987 13 @;UI+. "'"fu' ~ l!…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban climates and heat islands: albedo, evapotranspiration, and anthropogenic heat

Taha

1997

Energy and Buildings

1,203

569

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As an introduction to this special issue of Energy and Buildings, this paper reviews some of the characteristics of urban climates and the causes and effects of urban heat islands. In particular, the impacts of surface albedo, evapotranspiration, and anthropogenic heating ~n the nearsurface climate are discussed. Numerical simulations and field measurements indicate that increasing albedo and vegetation cover can be effective in reducing the surface and air temperatures near the ground.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban climates and heat islands: albedo, evapotranspiration, and anthropogenic heat

Taha

1997

Energy and Buildings

1,203

569

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“…For people the metabolic rates from Oke (1978) were used. The number of animals was n-number of consumers + ((CRc(t)C(n,,C,,) assumed to be 10 per cent of the people and their metabolic rate was set to approximately 25 per cent of people (Bach, 1970).…”

Section: Anthropoyenic Heat Ftux Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The suburban energy balance: Methodological considerations and results for a mid‐latitude west coast city under winter and spring conditions

Grimmond

1992

Intl Journal of Climatology

180

135

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Previous measurements of the urban energy balance primarily have been conducted in summertime. This paper reports the first extended set of winter-spring-time energy balance measurements for a city. The study was conducted in a suburb of Vancouver, British Columbia, from January to June 1987. It included hourly measurements of net all-wave radiation, sensible heat flux and the Bowen ratio. The anthropogenic and storage heat fluxes were modelled. A dynamic source area model was employed to ensure the modelled parameters were consistent spatially with themeasured turbulent fluxes. The winter-spring urban energy balances observed in this study are different to those reported for summertime conditions at the same site. The fluxes for the entire period are not symmetrical about solar noon. Hence earlier interpretations possibly should be modified. Apart from this feature the spring season balances are similar to those reported for the summertime in terms of relative importance of individual fluxes. The wintertime energy balance appears to be different to that of spring and summer. The most noticeable feature is the increased importance of the latent heat flux, which on average is the largest output flux in the balance. A secondary, more expected feature, is the increased importance of anthropogenic heat flux as an input in winter.

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“…With the greater heat storage capacity of city structures and the added heat generation from combustion and metabolic processes, the city center instead shows isothermal or slightly subadiabatic lapse conditions. 20 Conspicuous is the shallow inversion band between 750 and 850 ft, which was present from 800 to 1500 EST. The wind pattern between 800 and 1000 EST does not fit in the thermal pattern, since in the inversion layer the wind speed is slightly increasing.…”

Section: Diurnal Variations Of Solar Attenuation Andmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Iog Pl~l ogp»- (20) where p b , t is the air pressure (nib) at the base zj, and the top z t of each air layer; g is the acceleration of gravity, which is 980.090 cm see" 2 at the latitude of Cincinnati (39°8')j R is the gas constant for dry air (erg g -i°K-i). T m is the mean absolute temperature (°K) for each air layer increment.…”

Section: Fine Structure Of the Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%