An Urban Approach To Climate Sensitive Design

Emmanuel, Rohinton

doi:10.4324/9780203414644

Cited by 86 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…For a surface-air system in an urban built environment, this means that all the energy gains from solar radiation (short-wave) or from anthropogenic heat go somewhere by energy losses in one of three ways, including [15,17,26] (1) convection, to warm up the air in the form of sensible heat (longwave); (2) evaporation (heats the water in the system) and transpiration (water transpires from vegetation) in the form of latent heat; and (3) net energy transferred to other systems (net horizontal heat advection), or by energy stored in the opaque elements (buildings, roads, etc.) ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Thermal Balance In the Urban Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anthropogenic heat is affected by per capita energy use, population density, the climate, the degree and type of industrial activities and the type of urban transport system [25]. Anthropogenic heat exhibits temporal and spatial variations in metropolitan areas [15,25]. Seasonally, requirements for energy consumption in winter greatly differ from those in summer.…”

Section: Anthropogenic Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urbanization affects climate variations principally by changing the natural environment, such as modifying the surface albedo and roughness, thermal and hydrological properties of the ground surface. The main modifications can be summarized as follows [15][16][17]:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Urban Design Descriptors on Outdoor Thermal Environment: A Literature Review

et al. 2017

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This paper presents a literature review on urban design indicators addressing the impact of urban geometry and vegetation on the outdoor thermal environment at the pedestrian level, as urban geometry and vegetation have been regarded as the most influential urban design factors that affect outdoor microclimate. The thermal balance concept is first introduced to elaborate how each component of energy fluxes is affected by the urban built environment, which helps to explore the underlying thermophysical mechanisms of how urban design modifies the outdoor thermal environment. The literature on numerous urban design descriptors addressing urban geometric characteristics is categorized into five groups in this paper according to the design features that the parameters entail, including land use intensity, building form, canyon geometry, space enclosure and descriptive characteristics. The literature on urban vegetation descriptors is reviewed together, followed by the combined effect of urban geometry and vegetation. This paper identifies a series of important urban design parameters and shows that the impact of design parameters on thermal environment varies with time, season, local climate and urban contexts. Contradictory impacts often occur between daytime and nighttime, or different seasons, which requests trade-offs to be achieved when proposing design strategies.

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Section: Thermal Balance In the Urban Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anthropogenic Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Urban Design Descriptors on Outdoor Thermal Environment: A Literature Review

et al. 2017

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“…Therefore, the design of urban nature is highly dependent on human activities and decisions [15] and the design of urban landscapes require bioclimatic elements. Numerous researchers, such as [21], [25], [26], define the bioclimatic approach as the radical and comprehensive employment of natural vegetation, greenery, water bodies, and landscape design that are suited to climatic variability in urban areas. Vegetation and water bodies are commendable tools to reduce thermal discomfort because they are ecologically friendly, offer a high cooling effect, and encourage a pleasant and healthy living environment through climate adaptation [27].…”

Section: Natural Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Characteristics of hot and humid tropical areas are uniform and constant temperature, high humidity, and low wind velocity; therefore, ventilation is critical in the tropics. Thermal comfort can be improved by increasing the flow of wind and area of shade through altering the geometrical design of buildings, such as the height and width, street orientation, and street width [19]- [21]. The high zenith sun angles in the tropics use the construction of canopies and awnings, and growth of vegetation in the geometry and design of buildings.…”

Section: Hot and Humid Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Sustainable City in a Tropical Area to Create a Balance between Vegetation and Water Bodies

Mirrahimi¹,

Ibrahim²,

Surat³

2015

IJET

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Abstract-This paper aims to investigate the effects of using natural resources that incorporates the basis of a sustainable city design in efforts to improve the urban thermal comfort in a hot and humid climate. Currently, one of the most crucial world environmental issues is urbanization in a hot and humid climate. In tropical areas, if the urban landscape is poorly designed, it will cause outdoor thermal discomfort. Natural plants and water bodies in the hot and humid landscape has a direct influence over the temperature of urban cities. Water bodies, for example, are able to lower the atmospheric temperature; whereas plants also can affect the surroundings passively. The effects of wet surfaces are increased if there is a presence of a shadow. Therefore, vegetation and water bodies are used in designing a sustainable city in order to increase the quality of outdoor thermal comfort in a hot and humid climate. This is hoped to provide a better and more comfortable human living environment.

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Review of urban climate research in (sub)tropical regions

Roth

2007

Intl Journal of Climatology

337

210

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Abstract:Over the last 50 years the developing world, much of which is located in (sub)tropical regions, has seen a dramatic growth of its urban population associated with serious degradation of environmental quality. The total number of (sub)tropical urban climate studies, however; is still small (<20% of all urban climate studies). The available work is further biased towards descriptive studies rather than process work that seeks to indicate the physical climatology of (sub)tropical cities. The available results allow for a preliminary comparison with data from temperate latitudes. Urban heat island (UHI) intensities are generally lower compared to those of temperate cities with comparable population and show a seasonal variation with lower (higher) intensities during the wet (dry) season. (Sub)tropical population-based relations may exist but insufficient appropriate data is available to confirm a logarithmic relationship or systematic differences between different climate types. The (sub)tropical energy balance studies are biased towards dry, clear sky conditions. The amount of net radiation dissipated by sensible heat during daytime is about 40% which is similar to values observed in (sub)urban areas of cities located in temperate climates. Energy partitioning is modulated by water availability and higher percentage of vegetation promotes latent heat flux at the expense of surface heat storage. The apparent strong influence of vegetation and water availability on the energy partitioning irrespective of the climate type, suggests vegetation to be an effective means to reduce heat storage uptake during daytime and hence has the potential to effectively mitigate the nocturnal heat island. It is important to ensure that the rapidly expanding cities of the developing world incorporate climatological concerns in their design to provide a better living and working environment for a large segment of the world's inhabitants. Copyright  2007 Royal Meteorological Society KEY WORDS tropical urban climatology; tropical urban heat island; tropical urban energy balance

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An Urban Approach To Climate Sensitive Design

Cited by 86 publications

References 0 publications

The Impact of Urban Design Descriptors on Outdoor Thermal Environment: A Literature Review

The Impact of Urban Design Descriptors on Outdoor Thermal Environment: A Literature Review

Developing a Sustainable City in a Tropical Area to Create a Balance between Vegetation and Water Bodies

Review of urban climate research in (sub)tropical regions

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