An updated world key to the species of Acanthothecis s. lat. (Ascomycota: Graphidaceae), with ten new species from Brazil

Abstract

As part of a revision of the genus Acanthothecis s. lat. (Graphidaceae) in Brazil, an updated world key to the known species of the genus is presented. From Brazil, the following ten new species are described: A. latispora, with single-spored asci, large, muriform ascospores, and norstictic and stictic acids; A. megalospora, with single-spored asci, very large, transversely septate ascospores, and norstictic and protocetraric acids; A. multiseptata, with 8-spored asci, medium-sized and narrow, transversely multiseptate ascospores, and lacking secondary substances except terpenoids; A. norstictica, with 1–2-spored asci, large, muriform ascospores, and norstictic acid; A. oryzoides, with 8-spored asci, medium-sized, transversely septate ascospores, and norstictic acid; A. rimosa, with 2-spored asci, small to medium-sized, muriform ascospores, and stictic acid; A. roseola, with 1–2-spored asci, large, muriform ascospores, and norstictic, stictic and subnorstictic acids; A. saxicola, with 8-spored asci, small, 3-septate ascospores, and norstictic acid; A. subfarinosa, with 8-spored asci, small, 6–8-septate ascospores, and norstictic acid; and A. submuriformis, with 8-spored asci, small, submuriform ascospores, and lichexanthone. In addition, three further species are formally validated, namely A. bicellulata, A. farinosa and A. subabaphoides, and the new combination A. bicellularis is proposed, based on Acanthotrema bicellularis.

New species and records of Graphidaceae and Gomphillaceae (lichenized fungi) from Brazil

“…This species is well characterized by its bullate thallus, aggregate, orbicular apothecia, and multiseptate ascospores constricted at the septa. It would key out in the world key of Acanthothecis by Feuerstein et al (2022a) in group key 1 at couplet 9, as "apothecia orbicular, aggregate; thallus bullate". Acanthothecis aquilonia A.W.…”

“…Acanthothecis aquilonia A.W. Archer from Australia has similar ascospores but differs in the dispersed, chroodiscoid apothecia resembling a species of Chapsa (Feuerstein et al 2022a). The Brazilian A. multiseptata Aptroot, Lücking & M. Cáceres has distinctly lirelliform ascomata and shorter ascospores (Feuerstein et al 2022a).…”

“…With increasing knowledge and available material, it became clear, however, that Redinger's pioneering work covered less than half of the actual diversity. Major modern contributions were provided, e.g., by Staiger (2002), Frisch & Kalb (2006), Lücking et al (2009Lücking et al ( , 2016, Rivas Plata et al ( 2010), Sipman et al (2012), Lücking (2014), Feuerstein et al (2014Feuerstein et al ( , 2022a, and Neuwirth et al (2017). The high diversity was accentuated by the description of many new species from a two-week field trip to Rondônia in 2012 (Cáceres et al 2014).…”