An updated view of the Italian seismicity from probabilistic location in 3D velocity models: The 1981–2018 Italian catalog of absolute earthquake locations (CLASS)

Latorre, Diana; Stefano, Raffaele Di; Castello, Barbara; Michele, Maddalena; Chiaraluce, L.

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2022.229664

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…In comparison with previous LET studies, our 3D hypocentral relocations unravel that the 2007–2020 background microseismicity is mostly located at the hanging wall of the main crustal ramp (T1) (Figure 12), which position also agrees with the base of the seismogenic layer in this area (Latorre et al., 2023).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The 3D Crustal Structure in the Epicentral Region of the 1980, M_w 6.9, Southern Apennines Earthquake (Southern Italy): New Constraints From the Integration of Seismic Exploration Data, Deep Wells, and Local Earthquake Tomography

Feriozzi,

Improta,

Maesano

et al. 2024

Tectonics

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We present the first 3D crustal model of the epicentral region of the 1980, Mw 6.9, normal‐faulting Irpinia earthquake (southern Italy) determined by jointly interpreting the CROP‐04 deep seismic profile, a grid of commercial seismic lines, deep exploration wells, and a high‐resolution Local Earthquake Tomography. Despite numerous seismotectonic surveys and source studies of the background seismicity recorded by dense networks, a complete 3D geological model of the mid‐upper crust was still lacking in the region. The architecture of the Neogene fold‐and‐thrust belt is also debated, with competing thin‐ and thick‐skinned tectonic interpretations. We use the 3D geological model derived from subsurface exploration data to interpret the upper crustal tomographic velocities in terms of rock physical properties, while Vp and Vp/Vs anomalies provide inferences on the deep structural setting down to 12 km depth. We find that a thick‐skinned deformation style allows explaining the geometry of Pliocene fold‐and‐thrust systems deforming the Apulian carbonates but also deeper Permo‐Triassic metasediments and the Paleozoic crystalline femic basement. Inherited compressional structures and lithological heterogeneities control background seismicity occurring at two crustal levels. Fluid‐driven shallow seismicity (<4–6 km) concentrates in a high‐Vp/Vs wedge of fractured, brine‐saturated Mesozoic stiff rocks delimited by the 1980 earthquake faults. Deep seismicity (9–14 km) clusters instead within the low‐Vp/Vs crystalline basement underneath the Apulian carbonate ramp‐anticlines. Commercial seismic data allow us to identify the Irpinia Fault, the main fault ruptured by the 1980 earthquake, reinforcing its previous interpretations as an immature structure with subtle geological and geophysical evidence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The 3D Crustal Structure in the Epicentral Region of the 1980, M_w 6.9, Southern Apennines Earthquake (Southern Italy): New Constraints From the Integration of Seismic Exploration Data, Deep Wells, and Local Earthquake Tomography

Feriozzi,

Improta,

Maesano

et al. 2024

Tectonics

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“…As an example, between 2009 and 2014 the total number of permanent seismic stations increased by ∼50% (from about 120 to more than 180). The year 2014 has been chosen as the upper limit for our investigation as it was the maximum extent of the CLASS catalog (Latorre et al., 2023) when this work was initiated (see next paragraph for more details). A total of 183 (mostly) permanent stations (Figure 1) are deployed in the area of interest, which includes a portion of the Central Apennines, the Irpinia region, the Calabrian Arc and the NE sector of the Sicily Island.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the uneven station coverage, varying azimuthal gap, and uncertainty assigned to the P and S arrivals, only a portion of such events are worth considering as candidate templates, maximizing the chances to find new detections and maintaining a manageable computational expenditure. For the selection of the candidate templates, we employ the newly released CLASS catalog (Latorre et al., 2023) that consists of all events cataloged in the BSI across the Italian Peninsula from 1981 to 2014, re‐located with a probabilistic algorithm and a 3D velocity model (Di Stefano & Ciaccio, 2014). First, we selected all events at a maximum depth of 60 km, having a horizontal and vertical error on the hypocenter location less than 2 and 4 km, respectively, with an RMS < 0.8 s and an azimuthal gap <270°.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High‐Resolution Seismic Catalog for the Southern Apennines (Italy) Built Through Template‐Matching

Diaferia,

Valoroso,

Improta

et al. 2024

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The incompleteness of earthquake catalogs is a well‐known issue caused by our technical limitation in detecting the small‐to very small‐magnitude seismicity falling near or below the background seismic noise. The detection of small‐magnitude events is fundamental for improving our knowledge of geometry and kinematics of seismogenic sources and the spatio‐temporal characteristics of seismicity, thus leading to better models for seismic hazard. Template‐matching (TM) is a powerful technique that, based on similarity measure (cross‐correlation) of seismic waveforms, allows to detect hidden earthquakes that are similar to known events (called templates). The high computational effort often limits such technique to small areas and for short time frames (less than 1 year). In this work, we present the first application of template‐matching at regional scale for the Italian Peninsula, focusing on the Southern Apennines. We use about 3,600 high‐quality events as templates, scanning 6‐year long continuous recordings (2009–2014), at more than 180 stations of the INGV network. About 20,000 new events are found, showing a comparable quality to the template catalog in terms of hypocentral solution, reaching a decrease of the magnitude of completeness of about one unit. To highlight the improved quality of the TM catalog, we report two main examples regarding the Sannio‐Matese area, where TM allowed us to unravel relevant details on the spatio‐temporal distribution of the local seismicity.

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“…Figure adapted with permission from refs. 8 , 47 , 48 , Elsevier; ref. 49 under a Creative Commons license CC BY 4.0 .…”

Section: A Co 2 Budget For the Central Apenninesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep CO2 release and the carbon budget of the central Apennines modulated by geodynamics

Erlanger,

Bufe,

Paris

et al. 2024

Nat. Geosci.

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Recent studies increasingly recognize the importance of critical-zone weathering during mountain building for long-term CO2 drawdown and release. However, the focus on near-surface weathering reactions commonly does not account for CO2 emissions from the crust, which could outstrip CO2 drawdown where carbonates melt and decarbonize during subduction and metamorphism. We analyse water chemistry from streams in Italy’s central Apennines that cross a gradient in heat flow and crustal thickness with relatively constant climatic conditions. We quantify the balance of inorganic carbon fluxes from near-surface weathering processes, metamorphism and the melting of carbonates. We find that, at the regional scale, carbon emissions from crustal sources outpace near-surface fluxes by two orders of magnitude above a tear in the subducting slab characterized by heat flow greater than 150 mW m–2 and crustal thickness of less than 25 km. By contrast, weathering processes dominate the carbon budget where crustal thickness exceeds 40 km and heat flow is lower than 30 mW m–2. The observed variation in metamorphic fluxes is one to two orders of magnitude larger than that of weathering fluxes. We therefore suggest that geodynamic modulations of metamorphic melting and decarbonation reactions are an efficient process by which tectonics can regulate the inorganic carbon cycle.

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An updated view of the Italian seismicity from probabilistic location in 3D velocity models: The 1981–2018 Italian catalog of absolute earthquake locations (CLASS)

Cited by 16 publications

References 130 publications

The 3D Crustal Structure in the Epicentral Region of the 1980, M_w 6.9, Southern Apennines Earthquake (Southern Italy): New Constraints From the Integration of Seismic Exploration Data, Deep Wells, and Local Earthquake Tomography

The 3D Crustal Structure in the Epicentral Region of the 1980, M_w 6.9, Southern Apennines Earthquake (Southern Italy): New Constraints From the Integration of Seismic Exploration Data, Deep Wells, and Local Earthquake Tomography

A High‐Resolution Seismic Catalog for the Southern Apennines (Italy) Built Through Template‐Matching

Deep CO2 release and the carbon budget of the central Apennines modulated by geodynamics

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An updated view of the Italian seismicity from probabilistic location in 3D velocity models: The 1981–2018 Italian catalog of absolute earthquake locations (CLASS)

Cited by 16 publications

References 130 publications

The 3D Crustal Structure in the Epicentral Region of the 1980, Mw 6.9, Southern Apennines Earthquake (Southern Italy): New Constraints From the Integration of Seismic Exploration Data, Deep Wells, and Local Earthquake Tomography

The 3D Crustal Structure in the Epicentral Region of the 1980, Mw 6.9, Southern Apennines Earthquake (Southern Italy): New Constraints From the Integration of Seismic Exploration Data, Deep Wells, and Local Earthquake Tomography

A High‐Resolution Seismic Catalog for the Southern Apennines (Italy) Built Through Template‐Matching

Deep CO2 release and the carbon budget of the central Apennines modulated by geodynamics

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Product

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The 3D Crustal Structure in the Epicentral Region of the 1980, M_w 6.9, Southern Apennines Earthquake (Southern Italy): New Constraints From the Integration of Seismic Exploration Data, Deep Wells, and Local Earthquake Tomography

The 3D Crustal Structure in the Epicentral Region of the 1980, M_w 6.9, Southern Apennines Earthquake (Southern Italy): New Constraints From the Integration of Seismic Exploration Data, Deep Wells, and Local Earthquake Tomography