An updated roadmap for the integration of metal–organic frameworks with electronic devices and chemical sensors

Abstract

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are typically highlighted for their potential application in gas storage, separations and catalysis. In contrast, the unique prospects these porous and crystalline materials offer for application in electronic devices, although actively developed, are often underexposed. This review highlights the research aimed at the implementation of MOFs as an integral part of solid-state microelectronics. Manufacturing these devices will critically depend on the compatibility of MOFs with existing fabrication protocols and predominant standards. Therefore, it is important to focus in parallel on a fundamental understanding of the distinguishing properties of MOFs and eliminating fabrication-related obstacles for integration. The latter implies a shift from the microcrystalline powder synthesis in chemistry labs, towards film deposition and processing in a cleanroom environment. Both the fundamental and applied aspects of this two-pronged approach are discussed. Critical directions for future research are proposed in an updated high-level roadmap to stimulate the next steps towards MOF-based microelectronics within the community.

Evaporation‐Directed Crack‐Patterning of Metal–Organic Framework Colloidal Films and Their Application as Photonic Sensors

“…The design of the crack-patterned sensor was first guided by predictive model; its thickness was set in order to maximize the sensitivity for ultra-low refractive index variation (< 0.02), corresponding to adsorption at ultra-low vapor pressure (typically <1% P/P 0 ). Figure 4(a) shows the plots of the predicted I 1 vs n 640 sinusoidal curves for three thicknesses and calculated from to equation (1) and (2). The corresponding optical sensitivities (slopes dI 1 /dn 640 ), shown in Figure 4(b), indicates that the 4.5m-thick cracked-patterned sensor exhibits the highest (and constant) sensitivity in the low-vapor pressure range.…”

“…The evolution of n vs P/P 0 is characterized by two steps at 13% and 20% P/P 0 % indicating capillary condensation in the 2.9 and 3.4 nm mesopores of MOF, respectively. The predicted and experimental normalized I 1 as function of refractive index variation was obtained by adding the experimental n and h as function of P/P 0 (obtained by EEP) into equation (1) and (2). Figure 3(d) shows the tendencies for 3 crackpatterned films with h= 1.8, 2.7 and 3.9 μm (thicknesses measured by AFM); the model curves globally correlate the experimental tendencies.…”

“…[1] In particular, patterning MOF films could potentially open perspectives for their full utilization in fields ranging from electronics, photonics, microfluidics, water harvesting or separation. [2] For example, in the field of photonics, the combination between the unique properties of MOFs (high porosity, sorption selectivity..) and of periodic structures (light confinement, diffraction, guiding..) could allow the fabrication of a new generation of performing optical sensors. In this context, deposition and patterning of MOF films has become a scientific and technological, interdisciplinary challenge.…”

Soft Matter Technology at KIT: Chemical Perspective from Nanoarchitectures to Microstructures

“…Further, motion induced by synchronized contraction of attached neonatal rat cardiomyocytes leading to rhythmic bending was demonstrated for PLGA-PEG/(PLGA/poly(lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL)) bicompartmental microcylinders (Figure 3f-6). [59] Later, MOFs have found more technologically advanced applications in catalysis, [60] as sensors, [61] containers for drug delivery, [62] or membranes for separation or proton conductance. In the last two decades, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), also known as porous coordination polymers, have drawn the attention of both chemistry and materials community, as a new kind of porous material.…”

Electrospinning of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Energy and Environmental Applications

“…[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Recently, significant efforts have been devoted to the design and synthesis of new MOFs structures and the investigation of their physical or chemical properties. [32][33][34][35] A major difference in the structuring of MOFs into complex shapes compared to inorganic microporous materials, such as zeolites or silica, is the fact that most inorganic binders cannot be used for MOFs as these binders usually require heat treatment. [28][29][30][31] In order to expand the application range, suitable pathways for the structuring of MOF powders into a functional architecture or devices are highly desirable.…”