An updated review of epidemiology, risk factors, and management of male breast cancer

Khan, Noman; Tirona, Maria Tria

doi:10.1007/s12032-021-01486-x

Cited by 46 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The analysis did not reveal the presence of clinical-relevant genetic alterations of the genes investigated. According to these surprising results, after a clinically and radiologically evaluation of the left axillary lymph nodes, the MDT decided not to perform axillary dissection and to administer tamoxifen as approved adjuvant hormone treatment of men with ER-positive early stage breast cancer [10].…”

Section: Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male Breast Cancer Review. A Rare Case of Pure DCIS: Imaging Protocol, Radiomics and Management

Tari¹,

Morelli²,

Guida³

et al. 2021

Diagnostics

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Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of male breast is a rare lesion, often associated with invasive carcinoma. When the in situ component is present in pure form, histological grade is usually low or intermediate. Imaging is difficult as gynaecomastia is often present and can mask underlying findings. We report a rare case of pure high-grade DCIS in a young male patient, with associated intraductal papilloma and atypical ductal hyperplasia. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) showed an area of architectural distortion at the union of outer quadrants of the left breast without gynaecomastia. Triple assessment suggested performing a nipple-sparing mastectomy, which revealed the presence of a focal area of high-grade DCIS of 2 mm. DCIS, even of high grade, is difficult to detect with mammography and even more rare, especially when associated with other proliferative lesions. DBT with 2D synthetic reconstruction is useful as the imaging step of a triple assessment and it should be performed in both symptomatic and asymptomatic high-risk men to differentiate between malignant and benign lesions. We propose a diagnostic model to early detect breast cancer in men, optimizing resources according to efficiency, effectiveness and economy, and look forward to radiomics as a powerful tool to help radiologists.

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Section: Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male Breast Cancer Review. A Rare Case of Pure DCIS: Imaging Protocol, Radiomics and Management

Tari¹,

Morelli²,

Guida³

et al. 2021

Diagnostics

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“…It is often managed in a similar fashion to females with breast cancer; men may also receive the option of undergoing CPM, and that is seen in their concurrent moderate increase in uptake. 36 Though males are more likely to undergo full mastectomy over breast-conserving surgery in the treatment of their primary cancer, a CPM is not recommended by ASBrS as a risk-reducing measure. 16,36,37 This, however, does not align with the policies which differentiated between genders providing preauthorized coverage to male breast cancer patients without further criteria.…”

Section: Ta B L E 1 Coverage Criteria For Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36 Though males are more likely to undergo full mastectomy over breast-conserving surgery in the treatment of their primary cancer, a CPM is not recommended by ASBrS as a risk-reducing measure. 16,36,37 This, however, does not align with the policies which differentiated between genders providing preauthorized coverage to male breast cancer patients without further criteria. This may be due to their higher genetic risk profile, and with appropriate risk stratification, certain patients may benefit from CPMs.…”

Section: Ta B L E 1 Coverage Criteria For Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in the setting of breast cancer diagnosis and their insurance coverage in the United States

Ngaage

Klein

et al. 2021

Breast J

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Background: Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) is more common in the United States than the rest of the world. However, the benefit of this procedure is still under question in many breast cancer scenarios. CPM utilization in the United States is in part dependent on a patient's health insurance coverage of breast oncology surgery and any desired reconstruction. However, there are great discrepancies in the coverage provided by insurers. Methods:The authors conducted a cross-sectional analysis of insurance policies for a CPM in the setting of diagnosed breast cancer. One hundred companies were selected based on their state enrollment and market share. Their policies were identified through a Web-based search and telephone interviews, and their medical necessity criteria were extracted.Results: Of the 100 companies assessed, 36 (36%) had a policy for CPM. Within those, significantly more provided coverage than denied the procedure (72% vs. 25%, p < 0.0001), with the remainder providing case-by-case coverage. Eleven criteria were identified from preauthorized policies, the most common prerequisite was breast cancer diagnosis under 45 years old (n = 9, 35%). Most policies did not differentiate between gender in their policies (n = 25, 69%), but of those that did, 100% (n = 11) provided coverage for men and women, with 82% (n = 9) requiring further criteria from the female patients. Conclusion:The coverage of CPM in the United States varies from complete denial to unrestricted approval. This may be due to conflicting reports in the literature as to the utility of the procedure. The decision to undergo this procedure must be taken with thoughtful consideration and the support of a multidisciplinary approach.

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“…Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, and has the highest mortality rate among all cancers in women [ 1 ]. Previous reports have shown that approximately 12.3% of women in the US will be diagnosed with breast cancer during their lifetime, and it was predicted that it will reach up to 22 million new cases worldwide in a decade [ 2 – 4 ]. Thus, treating breast cancer efficiently is always an important issue for researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of breast tumor drug resistance by 2,3,5,4’-tetrahydroxystilbene for exhibition synergic chemotherapeutic effect

et al. 2021

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Chemotherapy drugs have limited efficacy in breast cancer due to multidrug resistance generated by cancer cells against anticancer drugs. In this study, we developed a novel derivative, 2, 3, 5, 4‘-tetrahydroxystilbene (TG1) by modifying 2, 3, 5, 4‘-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside (THSG). In-vivo zebrafish embryo tests revealed that TG1 showed low toxicity. The equitoxic combination of DOX or DTX with TG1 in MCF-7/Adr reduced the IC50 of DOX or DTX, and the combination index (CI) showed strong synergistic effects in the 1:3 molar ratio of DTX: TG1 and 1:5 molar ratio of DOX: TG1. Moreover, fluorescence images confirmed the cellular uptake of DOX when combined with TG1 in MCF-7/Adr. Western blotting analysis indicated downregulation of p-glycoprotein (P-gp) after MCF-7/Adr treated with TG1. In conclusion, the combined therapy of DTX or DOX and TG1 increases drug efficacy via suppressing the p-glycoprotein efflux pump. These results suggest that TG1 may have potential use for breast cancer patients, especially those with multidrug resistance.

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An updated review of epidemiology, risk factors, and management of male breast cancer

Cited by 46 publications

References 60 publications

Male Breast Cancer Review. A Rare Case of Pure DCIS: Imaging Protocol, Radiomics and Management

Male Breast Cancer Review. A Rare Case of Pure DCIS: Imaging Protocol, Radiomics and Management

Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in the setting of breast cancer diagnosis and their insurance coverage in the United States

Reduction of breast tumor drug resistance by 2,3,5,4’-tetrahydroxystilbene for exhibition synergic chemotherapeutic effect

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