An Updated Perspective on the Dual-Track Model of Enterocyte Fat Metabolism

Cook, Joshua R.; Kohan, Alison B.; Haeusler, Rebecca A.

doi:10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100278

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…Chylomicrons postprandial then interact with lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to hydrolyse triglycerides within it, releasing fatty acids and monoglycerides that can be taken up by tissues for energy production or storage (Cook et al, 2022). Furthermore, SCFAs are absorbed and enter the portal circulation towards the liver, act as substrates for de novo lipogenesis and contribute to VLDL production.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Improvement of Lipid Profiles and Glucose Resistance of Hypercholesterolemic Rats using Tempeh Flour Based-Yoghurt Complemented with Red Pitaya Peel Extract

Nugraheni,

Putriningtyas,

Fernando

et al. 2023

J Bio Bio Edu

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Tempeh flour is potentially a substitute material in making yoghurt that provides bioactive for improving cardiovascular health. It is also suitably combined with antioxidant sources, such as red pitaya peel extract, which is well known for inhibiting metabolic inflammation. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of tempeh flour-based yoghurt complemented with red pitaya peel extract in improving lipid profiles and glucose tolerance in hypercholesterolemic rats. A total of 36 male Wistar rats were used and divided into six different groups: regular diet (ND) and five high-fat-diet rat groups treated with no supplementation (HFD); diary-based yoghurt with lactic acid bacteria (YBAL); commercial yoghurt (YB); tempeh flour based-yoghurt with lactic acid bacteria (SY); and tempeh flour based yoghurt complemented with red pitaya peel extract (SDS). The supplementation of each treatment group was given a dose of 3.6 ml/ KgBW/ day as a single dose for 28 days. The blood sample was collected from sinus orbitalis and then used for lipid profile, glucose, liver enzyme analysis, and statistical analysis using ANOVA. The result shows that glucose levels increased significantly in all groups, except HFD groups, and there is no significant difference between normal and yoghurt treatment groups. However, yoghurt and red pitaya peel extract supplementation significantly decrease LDL-C and increase HDL-C levels while improving liver condition during hypercholesterolemia. In conclusion, tempeh flour-based yoghurt complemented with red pitaya peel extract can improve lipid profile and liver health in hypercholesterolemia rats. Therefore, further research on metabolism pathways is needed to develop potential nutraceutical products for people with hypercholesterolemia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Improvement of Lipid Profiles and Glucose Resistance of Hypercholesterolemic Rats using Tempeh Flour Based-Yoghurt Complemented with Red Pitaya Peel Extract

Nugraheni,

Putriningtyas,

Fernando

et al. 2023

J Bio Bio Edu

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“…In adipose tissue, fatty acids are actively taken up through transporters such as fatty acid transport protein (FATP) and fatty acid-binding protein (FABP). They are then esterified into TG, contributing to storage in lipid droplets [ 122 , 123 ]. In brown adipocytes, the conversion of stored TG into energy is promoted through sympathetic activation of UCP-1 [ 124 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM2.5, component cause of severe metabolically abnormal obesity: An in silico, observational and analytical study

Lobato,

Castillo-Granada,

Bucio-Pacheco

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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“…In a nutshell, after being absorbed by the enterocyte, fatty acids and 2-MG are re-esterified to form TG, which is the initial point of control for the composition of these molecules, i.e., the proportion of saturated fatty acids to mono, poly, and saturated fatty acids. apoB48, a shortened, spliced version of apoB100 that lacks the LDL receptor binding region, serves as the chylomicron’s backbone ( 33 , 34 , 37 – 39 ). When apoB48 passes through the ER and Golgi apparatus, it is lipidated with TG, phospholipids, and cholesterol in a similar, but less well-described mechanism than that of liver VLDL ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Chylomicron Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The metabolic mechanism that serves to synthetize fatty acids from excess carbohydrates is known as de novo lipogenesis (DNL). These fatty acids can then be converted into triglycerides (TG), which are used to store energy ( 37 , 55 ). DNL occurs mostly in the liver and adipose tissue under normal settings and was previously thought to be a small contributor to serum TG homeostasis.…”

Section: Chylomicron Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chylomicron saga: time to focus on postprandial metabolism

Gugliucci

2024

Front. Endocrinol.

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Since statins have had such tremendous therapeutic success over the last three decades, the field of atherosclerosis has become somewhat LDL-centric, dismissing the relevance of triglycerides (TG), particularly chylomicrons, in atherogenesis. Nonetheless, 50% of patients who take statins are at risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and are unable to achieve their goal LDL-C levels. This residual risk is mediated, in part by triglyceride rich lipoproteins (TRL) and their remnants. Following his seminal investigation on the subject, Zilversmit proposed that atherosclerosis is a postprandial event in 1979 (1–4). In essence, the concept suggests that remnant cholesterol-rich chylomicron (CM) and very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles play a role in atherogenesis. Given the foregoing, this narrative review addresses the most recent improvements in our understanding of postprandial dyslipidemia. The primary metabolic pathways of chylomicrons are discussed, emphasizing the critical physiological role of lipoprotein lipase and apoCIII, the importance of these particles’ fluxes in the postprandial period, their catabolic rate, the complexities of testing postprandial metabolism, and the role of angiopoietin-like proteins in the partition of CM during the fed cycle. The narrative is rounded out by the dysregulation of postprandial lipid metabolism in insulin resistance states and consequent CVD risk, the clinical evaluation of postprandial dyslipidemia, current research limits, and potential future study directions.

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An Updated Perspective on the Dual-Track Model of Enterocyte Fat Metabolism

Cited by 4 publications

References 163 publications

The Improvement of Lipid Profiles and Glucose Resistance of Hypercholesterolemic Rats using Tempeh Flour Based-Yoghurt Complemented with Red Pitaya Peel Extract

The Improvement of Lipid Profiles and Glucose Resistance of Hypercholesterolemic Rats using Tempeh Flour Based-Yoghurt Complemented with Red Pitaya Peel Extract

PM2.5, component cause of severe metabolically abnormal obesity: An in silico, observational and analytical study

The chylomicron saga: time to focus on postprandial metabolism

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