An Updated List of Parasitoid Hymenoptera Reared from the<i>Bemisia tabaci</i>Species Complex (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Lahey, Zachary; Stansly, Philip A.

doi:10.1653/024.098.0211

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Worldwide, more than 80 species of Encarsia and 20 species of Eretmocerus have been reported parasitizing the B. tabaci species complex . Among these, Encarsia sophia (Girault & Dodd) and Eretmocerus hayati (Zolnerowich & Rose) are two promising parasitoids for controlling B. tabaci , with different reproductive strategies .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,[8][9][10] Worldwide, more than 80 species of Encarsia and 20 species of Eretmocerus have been reported parasitizing the B. tabaci species complex. 11 Among these, Encarsia sophia (Girault & Dodd) and Eretmocerus hayati (Zolnerowich & Rose) are two promising parasitoids for controlling B. tabaci, with different reproductive strategies. [12][13][14][15][16] Encarsia sophia is a solitary autoparasitoid that either lays its fertilized eggs in whitefly nymphs (the primary hosts) which subsequently develop as females or deposits its unfertilized eggs on the external surface of immature conspecific or heterospecific parasitoids (the secondary hosts) developing within the whitefly host which develop into males.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of demographic fitness and biocontrol effectiveness of two parasitoids, Encarsia sophia and Eretmocerus hayati (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), against Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Chi

et al. 2018

Pest Management Science

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of demographic fitness and biocontrol effectiveness of two parasitoids, Encarsia sophia and Eretmocerus hayati (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), against Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Chi

et al. 2018

Pest Management Science

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“…Aphelinid parasitoids, such as the solitary Eretmocerus hayati (Rose and Zolnerowich) are some of the most important natural enemies of B. tabaci. Similar to other Eretmocerus parasitoids, E. hayati oviposits externally between the whitefly abdomen and the leaf surface of host plants [15]. After eclosion, the first instar penetrates the abdomen of the host whitefly nymph and develops internally [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Compatibility and Efficacy of the Parasitoid Eretmocerus hayati and the Entomopathogenic Fungus Cordyceps javanica for Biological Control of Whitefly Bemisia tabaci

Ren

Liu

et al. 2019

Insects

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Biological control is an effective method for whitefly management compared to the potential problems caused by chemical control, including environmental pollution and the development of resistance. Combined use of insect parasitoids and entomopathogenic fungi has shown high efficiency in Bemisia tabaci control. Here, we assessed the impacts of an entomopathogenic fungus, Cordyceps javanica, on the parasitism rate of a dominant whitefly parasitoid, Eretmocerus hayati, and for the first time also compared their separate and combined potential in the suppression of B. tabaci under semi-field conditions. Six conidial concentrations of C. javanica (1 × 103, 1 × 104, 1 × 105, 1 × 106, 1 × 107 and 1 × 108 conidia/mL) were used to assess its pathogenicity to the pupae and adults of E. hayati. Results showed that the mortality of E. hayati increased with higher concentrations of C. javanica, but these higher concentrations of fungus had low pathogenicity to both the E. hayati pupae (2.00–28.00% mortality) and adults (2.67–34.00% mortality) relative to their pathogenicity to B. tabaci nymphs (33.33–92.68%). Bioassay results indicated that C. javanica was harmless (LC50 = 3.91 × 1010) and slightly harmful (LC50 = 5.56 × 109) to the pupae and adults of E. hayati respectively on the basis of IOBC criteria, and that E. hayati could parasitize all nymphal instars of B. tabaci that were pretreated with C. javanica, with its rate of parasitism being highest on second-instar nymphs (62.03%). Interestingly, the parasitoids from second and third-instar B. tabaci nymphs infected with C. javanica had progeny with increased longevity and developmental periods. Moreover, experimental data from 15 day semi-field studies indicate that combined application of C. javanica and E. hayati suppresses B. tabaci with higher efficiency than individual applications of both agents. Therefore, combined applications of C. javanica (1 × 108 conidia/mL) and E. hayati is a more effective and compatible biological control strategy for management of B. tabaci than using either of them individually.

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“…tabaci B biotype as Lahey and Stansly (2015) reported. It was identified in 1998 (Zolnerowich and Rose 1998).…”

Section: E Eremicus Zolnerowich and Rose Eretmocerus Mundus Mercetmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Globally, 112 species of parasitoids have been recorded attacking B. tabaci (Lahey and Stansly 2015). Thirteen species of them belonged to the genus Eretmocerus (Zolnerowich and Rose 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical evaluation of the effects of plant essential oil formulations against silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, B biotype (Gennadius) and its natural enemies

Obaidoon¹

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The toxicity of 30 botanical products and mixtures were evaluated using preliminary bioassay tests to find out their overall effectiveness against the developmental stages of silverleaf whitefly (SLW) Bemisia tabaci, B biotype, (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Effective formulations were prepared to be tested in replicated experiments against the egg, nymphal and adult stages of SLW.From the results, mustard oil showed an ovicidal effect, lauryl glucoside, a surfactant, had produced high mortalities against the nymphal stages whereas monoethanolamine, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (cellosolve acetate) and laureth -7ethylene oxide-carboxylate (laureth carboxylate) had produced high to moderate level of adulticidal effects. Three formulations were prepared from those effective products and then used in replicated experiments testing their lethal (toxicity) and sublethal (repellency and oviposition deterrent) effects against SLW. Additionally, trials were conducted to investigate their impacts on one of the main SLW parasitoids, Eretmocerus hayati (Zolnerowich and Rose) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae).Leaf dipping and spraying methods were used to assess the toxicity effects of the products, and choice and no choice repellence tests were used to determine the repellence index (RI) and oviposition deterrent index (ODI). A glass -slide bioassay was used to determine the lethal effects of the formulations against the SLW parasitoid. Different ranges of the tested rates of the formulations were prepared starting from 0.001% v/v to 10% v/v to investigate the proper effective rates that provide sufficient mortality rates of the developmental stages of SLW.After promising results of the mixture containing mustard oil and liquid soap, replicated experiments were conducted against each developmental stage of SLW. When tested on eggs, at a concentration of 0.25%, mortality was 95.8%, whereas the mortality percentages were 43% and 50% at tested rates of the mixture at 0.1% and 0.05%, respectively. Mustard oil evaluated against nymphal stages was effective at a rate of 0.25% and above against young and old nymphs (86.4% and 47.4% mortality, respectively). Tests against the adult stage at 0.25% and 0.5% resulted in low mortality; 34.0% and 37.0%, respectively. However, at 1% and above mortality was high (94.17% at 1%).On the basis of these results, three formulations were prepared: formulation one (F1) containing mustard oil, MW-100 emulsifier, lauryl glucoside and cellosolve acetate, formulation three (F3) containing mustard oil, MW-100 emulsifier, laureth carboxylate and monoethanolamine and formulation four (F4) containing mustard oil, MW-100 emulsifier, lauryl glucoside and monoethanolamine. These formulations were evaluated at different concentrations (0.25%, 0.44%.ii 0.69%, 1% and 1.23%). The formulations had an effective impact on the eggs of SLW, disrupting the embryogenesis process of the eggs. These formulations also affected all nymphal instars.However, the tested rates did not show sufficient effects...

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An Updated List of Parasitoid Hymenoptera Reared from theBemisia tabaciSpecies Complex (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Cited by 11 publications

References 65 publications

Comparison of demographic fitness and biocontrol effectiveness of two parasitoids, Encarsia sophia and Eretmocerus hayati (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), against Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Comparison of demographic fitness and biocontrol effectiveness of two parasitoids, Encarsia sophia and Eretmocerus hayati (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), against Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Compatibility and Efficacy of the Parasitoid Eretmocerus hayati and the Entomopathogenic Fungus Cordyceps javanica for Biological Control of Whitefly Bemisia tabaci

A critical evaluation of the effects of plant essential oil formulations against silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, B biotype (Gennadius) and its natural enemies

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