An updated checklist of Primula species (Primulaceae) in Uzbekistan

Tojibaev, Komiljon; Karimov, Farkhod I.; Khassanov, Furkat O.; Sennikov, Alexander N.; Usmonov, Mansur

doi:10.1016/j.japb.2020.08.004

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The reference standards used for compound identification were obtained as follows: protocatechuic acid (1), 4 -hydroxyflavone (6), apigenin (9), luteolin (11), kaempferol (12), quercetin (13), rhamnetin (16), isorhamnetin (17), apigenin 7-O-glucoside (22), luteolin 7-O-glucoside (24), kaempferol 3-O-glucoside (26), myricitrin (30), isoquercitrin (31), acaciin (33), kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (35), rutin (37), and pectolinarin (38) were obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay, France); caffeic acid (2) and neochlorogenic acid (3) were supplied by Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany); and chlorogenic acid (4) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetonitrile (hypergrade for LC-MS), formic acid (HPLC-grade), and methanol (analytical-grade) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, seven diglycosides (33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39) and four triglycosides (40)(41)(42)(43) were tentatively identified in the studied Primula extracts (Table 2). Compounds 6,9,11,12,13,16,17,22,24,26,30,31,33,35,37,and 38 were identified by comparison with authentic standards.…”

Section: Flavones and Flavonolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primula L., the largest genus of Primulaceae, consists of more than 500 species [ 9 ]. The members are widely distributed in the mild climate zone of the northern hemisphere [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An In-Depth Study on the Metabolite Profile and Biological Properties of Primula auriculata Extracts: A Fascinating Sparkle on the Way from Nature to Functional Applications

et al. 2022

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The biological activity of the aerial part and rhizomes of Primula auriculata were assessed for the first time. The biological activities (antioxidant properties, enzyme inhibition, and AGE inhibition) as well as the phenolic and flavonoid contents of the ethyl acetate, ethanol, hydro-ethanol and water extracts of P. auriculata aerial parts and rhizomes were determined. Cell viability assays and gelatin zymography were also performed for MMP-2/-9 to determine the molecular mechanisms of action. The gene expression for MMPs was described with RT-PCR. The levels of various proteins, including phospho-Nf-κB, BCL-2, BAX, p-53, and cyclin D1 as well as RAGE were measured using Western blot analysis. The hydro-ethanol extract of the aerial part possessed the highest phenolic (56.81 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (63.92 mg RE/g) contents. In-depth profiling of the specialized metabolites by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography—high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) allowed for the identification and annotation of 65 compounds, including phenolic acids and glycosides, flavones, flavonols, chalcones, dihydrochalcones, and saponins. The hydro-ethanol extract of the aerial parts (132.65, 180.87, 172.46, and 108.37 mg TE/g, for the DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP assays, respectively) and the ethanol extract of the rhizomes (415.06, 638.30, 477.77, and 301.02 mg TE/g, for the DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP assays, respectively) exhibited the highest free radical scavenging and reducing activities. The ethanol and hydro-ethanol extracts of both the P. auriculata aerial part and rhizomes exhibited higher inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase, while the hydro-ethanol extracts (1.16 mmol ACAE/g, for both the aerial part and rhizomes extracts) were more active in the inhibition of α-glucosidase. After the treatment of an HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line with the extracts, the apoptosis mechanism was initiated, the integrity of the ECM was remodeled, and cell proliferation was also taken under control. In this way, Primula extracts were shown to be potential drug sources in the treatment of colorectal cancer. They were also detected as natural MMP inhibitors. The findings presented in the present study appraise the bioactivity of P. auriculata, an understudied species. Additional assessment is required to evaluate the cytotoxicity of P. auriculata as well as its activity in ex vivo systems.

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