An Updated Analysis on the Risk Factors Associated with COVID-19 Transmission

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health disaster and knowledge of its associated risk factors provides protection/slowdown against its transmission. AIM: This study was undertaken to investigate all major risk factors associated with transmission of the COVID-19 infection. METHODS: The data on the risk associated factors for the COVID-19 transmission were collected from the Texas Medical Association, Center for Disease Prevention and Control, World Health Organization, and Health and Safety Executive. The collected data were combined, analyzed, and presented as percentage mean ± SD. RESULTS: The collective data showed that among games such as playing football and basketball are highly risky followed by swimming in public pool and playing at the beach. Whereas, playing golf and tennis are not risky (p < 0.05). Moreover, the carryout food from the restaurants is much safer as compared with eating at buffet, in restaurants (p < 0.01). The data on social gathering showed that religious places, sports stadium, music concert, cinema halls, amusement parks, attending funerals, and wedding showed a higher risk of spreading COVID-19. The data on general outing showed that going to gymnasium, traveling by bus or plane, and visiting in salon are highly risky (p < 0.01) for COVID-19 infection. Moreover, hugging, shaking hands, and kissing are also highly risky for the COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the collective information on the risk factors associated with the COVID-19 transmission. The findings can contribute to the concerned authorities to formulate the preventive measures to limit spread of the COVID-19 infection.

A Risk Factor Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Animals in COVID-19-Affected Households

“…Besides demographic and socioeconomic factors [ 6 ], social factors also play a role. Social gatherings and social behaviors have different influences: visiting the gymnasium, journeys on a bus or a plane, and visiting the hairdresser were activities with an especially increased risk of infection in comparison with other social activities during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as cultural social gatherings at religious spaces, sports stadiums, music concerts, movies, theaters, or amusement parks, which have a greater impact on the risk than small private meetings [ 7 ]. The risk factors for within-household human-to-human transmission include adult rather than child contacts, spousal contacts, contacts with comorbidities, symptomatic index cases, and households with only one in-contact individual [ 8 ].…”