An update review of globally reported SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in preclinical and clinical stages

Motamedi, Hamid; Ari, Marzie Mahdizade; Dashtbin, Shirin; Fathollahi, Matin; Hossainpour, Hadi; Alvandi, Amirhoushang; Moradi, Jale; Abiri, Ramin

doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107763

Cited by 38 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 215 publications

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“…The two remaining are adenoviral vector-based vaccines: ChAdOx1 nCov-19 (AZD1222, also known as the Oxford-AstraZeneca) is a replication-free chimpanzee adenoviral vector containing a full-length, codon-optimized gene encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein; and Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson/Janssen) is a recombinant human adenovirus type 26 vector encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. None of the three vaccines contain any living virus and consequently cannot replicate, even in immunocompromised individuals [54].…”

Section: Covid-19 Vaccinations In Patients With Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Liver Injury in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)—A Narrative Review

Łykowska‐Szuber

Wołodźko

Rychter

et al. 2021

JCM

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While respiratory symptoms are prevalent in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, growing evidence indicates that COVID-19 affects a wide variety of organs. Coronaviruses affect not only the respiratory system, but also the circulatory, nervous and digestive systems. The most common comorbidities in COVID-19 patients are hypertension, followed by diabetes, cardiovascular, and respiratory disease. Most conditions predisposing to SARS-CoV-2 infection are closely related to the metabolic syndrome. Obesity and chronic diseases, including liver disease, are associated with the induction of pro-inflammatory conditions and a reduction in immune response disorders, leading to the suspicion that these conditions may increase the susceptibility to SARS-CoV2 infection and the risk of complications. The definition of liver damage caused by COVID-19 has not yet been established. COVID-19 may contribute to both primary and secondary liver injury in people with pre-existing chronic disease and impaired liver reserves, leading to exacerbation of underlying disease, liver decompensation, or acute chronic liver failure. Therefore, many researchers have interpreted it as clinical or laboratory abnormalities in the course of the disease and treatment in patients with or without pre-existing liver disease. The research results available so far indicate that patients with liver disease require special attention in the event of COVID-19 infection.

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Section: Covid-19 Vaccinations In Patients With Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Liver Injury in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)—A Narrative Review

Łykowska‐Szuber

Wołodźko

Rychter

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…1 Several international pharmaceutical manufacturers now have emergency approval from multiple national medicines regulators to distribute COVID-19 vaccines in jurisdictions around the world. 2 Current COVID-19 vaccination strategies have been thoroughly reviewed in seminal publications by García-Montero and colleagues, 1 as well as by Motamedi and colleagues. 2 A summary of COVID-19 vaccines which have received approval for emergency use in the UK by the UK medicines regulator, namely the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), is listed in Table 1.…”

Section: What Is K Nown and Objec Tivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Current COVID-19 vaccination strategies have been thoroughly reviewed in seminal publications by García-Montero and colleagues, 1 as well as by Motamedi and colleagues. 2 A summary of COVID-19 vaccines which have received approval for emergency use in the UK by the UK medicines regulator, namely the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), is listed in Table 1. Several recent publications relating to COVID-19 vaccination uptake have demonstrated the importance of scientific communication in maximizing vaccine uptake.…”

Section: What Is K Nown and Objec Tivementioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination terminology: A revised glossary of key terms including lay person’s definitions

Brennan

Moore

et al. 2021

Clinical Pharmacy Therapeu

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What is known and objective There has been a paucity of vaccine and vaccine‐related definitions within the scientific and medical peer‐reviewed literature, particularly with the arrival of COVID‐19. Therefore, it was the aim of this commentary to collate definitions to 44 vaccine‐ and vaccinology‐related key terms, from four international and respected sources of information (where available), including (i) the World Health Organisation (WHO), (ii) the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), (iii) The Department of Health, Government of Australia and (iv) the European Union. In addition, it was a further aim to develop a lay person's definition to each of these 44 key terms, to act as a published and citeable reference point for pharmacists and other healthcare professionals, when communicating with patients and other public‐facing stakeholders. Comment Definitions are important in health care in order to (i) provide concise insight on a specific topic, (ii) provide a common understanding and (iii) set reference points to allow the adoption of a standard uniform approach. What is new and conclusion The collation of definitions of key vaccine terms was compiled from four respected sources of information. A glossary of 44 key terms was produced to help pharmacists and other healthcare professionals explain such terms professionally, as well as to patient stakeholders in lay person's vocabulary. These lay definitions had superior readability metrics than definitions from any of the four professional sources, indicating their suitability for engagement with patient‐facing stakeholders. Understanding the barriers to vaccine uptake is crucial for health professionals and policymakers to achieve improved uptake rates. This commentary has aimed at adding value to healthcare professionals and patients, by providing an up‐to‐date glossary of several professional definitions, from respected sources, as well as an accompanying lay definition to support the healthcare professional‐patient communicative interface. Vaccines have become an important preventative tool, particularly in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic, to help mitigate disease severity and to help control the pandemic locally, nationally and internationally. Accessible and robust definitions help inform the dialogue to achieve this goal and the avoidance of obscurum per obscurius .

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“…[4] These trials demonstrated that the vaccines were effective in reducing the frequency of symptomatic COVID-19 infection, particularly severe disease, and that adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) were frequent but generally mild to moderate and of reasonably short duration. [5,6] Notwithstanding, clinical trials are not ideal for studying the safety of medical interventions. [7,8] Although they are conducted in tightly controlled environments, their sample size is limited and insufficiently powered to detect anything other than relatively frequent adverse events, and their follow-up periods may be of insufficient duration to detect AEFIs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disproportionality analysis of adverse neurological and psychiatric reactions with the ChAdOx1 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) COVID-19 vaccines in the United Kingdom

Pérez-Lloret

Petrovsky

Alami

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Objective: The information on neurologic or psychiatric adverse reactions to the COVID-19 vaccines is limited. Our objective was to examine the odds of neurological and psychiatric adverse reactions to BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and ChAdOx1 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: We analyzed all Adverse Vaccine Reaction reports to the United Kingdom Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency between December 9, 2020 and June 30, 2021 that mentioned the BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 vaccines. We compared the rates of adverse neurological and psychiatric reactions with ChAdOx1 to those with BNT162b2. P-values were obtained by a Bonferroni-adjusted Z-test for proportions. Results: As of June 30, 2021, 53.2 M doses of ChAdOx1 and 46.1 M doses of BNT162b2 had been administered. We extracted information from 300,518 distinct reports. The number of individual adverse neurologic or psychiatric reaction reports were less than 200/M doses administered, except headache which was reported in 1,550 and 395 cases/M doses of ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2, respectively. Compared to BNT162b2, cerebral hemorrhagic or thrombotic events, headaches and migraines, Guillain-Barre syndrome and paresthesias, tremor and freezing, delirium, hallucinations, nervousness, poor sleep quality, and postural dizziness were more frequently reported with ChAdOx1. Reactions more frequently reported with BNT162b2 than ChAdOx1 were Bell's palsy, facial paralysis, dysgeusia, anxiety, and presyncope or syncope. Conclusion: Significant differences in the neurologic and psychiatric adverse event profiles of the ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 vaccines may exist, emphasizing the need for additional research. The beneficial and protective effects of the COVID-19 vaccines far outweigh the low potential risk of neurologic and psychiatric reactions.

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An update review of globally reported SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in preclinical and clinical stages

Cited by 38 publications

References 215 publications

Liver Injury in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)—A Narrative Review

Liver Injury in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)—A Narrative Review

Vaccination terminology: A revised glossary of key terms including lay person’s definitions

Disproportionality analysis of adverse neurological and psychiatric reactions with the ChAdOx1 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) COVID-19 vaccines in the United Kingdom

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