An update review of emerging small-molecule therapeutic options for COVID-19

Tian, De-Cai; Liu, Yuzhi; Liang, Chengyuan; Xin, Liang; Xie, Xiaolin; Zhang, Dezhu; Wan, Minge; Han, Li; Fu, Xueqi; Liu, Hong; Cao, Wenqiang

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111313

Cited by 57 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…Moreover, while researches on the development of COVID-19 vaccines are ongoing, drug repositioning (use of approved antiviral drugs including Remdesivir, Favipiravir, Ribavirin, Interferons, and Lopinavir/Ritonavir) proves to be effective with an increase in the cure rate when appropriately used, although associated with some side effects. Specifically, the appropriate use of these drugs (but not chloroquine and hydro-chloroquine that are highly associated with side effects), is associated with modestly more benefits than side effects on patient healing ( Jean et al, 2020 ; Shen et al, 2020 ; Beyzarov et al, 2021 ; Hong et al, 2021 ; Qaseem et al, 2021 ; Tian et al, 2021 ). For example, in China, where all these protection means were applied early and strictly, there is practically a clearance of COVID-19 (less than 600 current and 246 new cases, and 0 recent deaths) so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potent Molecular Feature-based Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies as Promising Therapeutics Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Kombe

Zahid

Mohammed

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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The 2019–2020 winter was marked by the emergence of a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) related disease (COVID-19), which started in Wuhan, China. Its high human-to-human transmission ability led to a worldwide spread within few weeks and has caused substantial human loss. Mechanical antiviral control approach, drug repositioning, and use of COVID-19 convalescent plasmas (CPs) were the first line strategies utilized to mitigate the viral spread, yet insufficient. The urgent need to contain this deadly pandemic has led searchers and pharmaceutical companies to develop vaccines. However, not all vaccines manufactured are safe. Besides, an alternative and effective treatment option for such an infectious disease would include pure anti-viral neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (NmAbs), which can block the virus at specific molecular targets from entering cells by inhibiting virus-cell structural complex formation, with more safety and efficiency than the CP. Indeed, there is a lot of molecular evidence about the protector effect and the use of molecular feature-based NmAbs as promising therapeutics to contain COVID-19. Thus, from the scientific publication database screening, we here retrieved antibody-related papers and summarized the repertory of characterized NmAbs against SARS-CoV-2, their molecular neutralization mechanisms, and their immunotherapeutic pros and cons. About 500 anti-SARS-CoV-2 NmAbs, characterized through competitive binding assays and neutralization efficacy, were reported at the writing time (January 2021). All NmAbs bind respectively to SARS-CoV-2 S and exhibit high molecular neutralizing effects against wild-type and/or pseudotyped virus. Overall, we defined six NmAb groups blocking SARS-CoV-2 through different molecular neutralization mechanisms, from which five potential neutralization sites on SARS-CoV-2 S protein are described. Therefore, more efforts are needed to develop NmAbs-based cocktails to mitigate COVID-19.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potent Molecular Feature-based Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies as Promising Therapeutics Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Kombe

Zahid

Mohammed

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Biosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The antiviral drug favipravir (pyrazinecarboxamide derivative) inhibits the activity of RdRp of various RNA viruses. In addition to being approved for clinical use in influenza in Japan, it is currently used and evaluated in clinical trials for the therapy of COVID-19 [89]. In vivo experiments in a mouse model of acute disseminated LCMV infection and hemorrhagic disease showed excellent antiviral efficacy of favipravir.…”

Section: Therapy Of Lcmv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis—Emerging Trends of a Neglected Virus: A Narrative Review

et al. 2021

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Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a neglected rodent-borne zoonotic virus distributed worldwide. Since serologic assays are limited to several laboratories, the disease has been underreported, often making it difficult to determine incidence and seroprevalence rates. Although human clinical cases are rarely recorded, LCMV remains an important cause of meningitis in humans. In addition, a fatal donor-derived LCMV infection in several clusters of solid organ transplant recipients further highlighted a pathogenic potential and clinical significance of this virus. In the transplant populations, abnormalities of the central nervous system were also found, but were overshadowed by the systemic illness resembling the Lassa hemorrhagic fever. LCMV is also an emerging fetal teratogen. Hydrocephalus, periventricular calcifications and chorioretinitis are the predominant characteristics of congenital LCMV infection, occurring in 87.5% of cases. Mortality in congenitally infected children is about 35%, while 70% of them show long-term neurologic sequelae. Clinicians should be aware of the risks posed by LCMV and should consider the virus in the differential diagnosis of aseptic meningitis, especially in patients who reported contact with rodents. Furthermore, LCMV should be considered in infants and children with unexplained hydrocephalus, intracerebral calcifications and chorioretinitis. Despite intensive interdisciplinary research efforts, efficient antiviral therapy for LCMV infection is still not available.

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“…In the absence of an exclusive antiviral treatment against SARS-CoV-2 infection, its management is still a great challenge [6]. In parallel, the scientific community is using high-throughput drug discovery platforms to develop new small molecules, repurpose existing drugs and designing formulations for these candidates [49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. Input of nanotechnology becomes vital here to develop creative strategies to maximize the efficacy of currently available therapeutics.…”

Section: Nanotechnology Direction For Sars-cov-2 Treatment and Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unleashing the potential of cell membrane-based nanoparticles for COVID-19 treatment and vaccination

Pereira-Silva

Chauhan

Shin

et al. 2021

Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery

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Introduction : Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a particular coronavirus strain responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), accounting for more than 3.1 million deaths worldwide. Several health-related strategies have been successfully developed to contain the rapidly-spreading virus across the globe, toward reduction of both disease burden and infection rates. Particularly, attention has been focused on either the development of novel drugs and vaccines, or by adapting already-existing drugs for COVID-19 treatment, mobilizing huge efforts to block disease progression and to overcome the shortage of effective measures available at this point. Areas covered : This perspective covers the breakthrough of multifunctional biomimetic cell membrane-based nanoparticles as next-generation nanosystems for cutting-edge COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccination, specifically cell membrane-derived nanovesicles and cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, both tailorable cell membrane-based nanosystems enriched with the surface repertoire of native cell membranes, toward maximized biointerfacing, immune evasion, cell targeting and cell-mimicking properties. Expert opinion : Nano-based approaches have received widespread interest regarding enhanced antigen delivery, prolonged blood circulation half-life and controlled release of drugs. Cell membrane-based nanoparticles comprise interesting antiviral multifunctional nanoplatforms for blocking SARS-CoV-2 binding to host cells, reducing inflammation through cytokine neutralization and improving drug delivery toward COVID-19 treatment.

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An update review of emerging small-molecule therapeutic options for COVID-19

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 57 publications

References 143 publications

Potent Molecular Feature-based Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies as Promising Therapeutics Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Potent Molecular Feature-based Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies as Promising Therapeutics Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis—Emerging Trends of a Neglected Virus: A Narrative Review

Unleashing the potential of cell membrane-based nanoparticles for COVID-19 treatment and vaccination

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