An update on the diagnostic biomarkers for asthma

Pandey, Rashmi; Parkash, Ved; Kant, Surya; Verma, Ajay Kumar; Sankhwar, Satya Narayan; Aujayeb, Avinash; Parmar, Devendra; Verma, Sheetal; Ahmad, Kaleem

doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2037_20

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 132 publications

(167 reference statements)

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Section: Applications Of Induced Sputummentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Similarly, the supernatants obtained from the processed sputum are used in evaluating molecular markers of airway inflammation such as eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, and major basic protein for eosinophil activation, tryptase for mast cell activation, and cytokine production (e.g., IL-5) as well as albumin and fibrinogen that are useful markers of microvascular leakage (6,8). The levels of these molecular markers were raised in the processed sputum from asthmatic patients than from control subjects (3,6,(33)(34)(35). Correspondingly, Eltboli and Brightling (36) showed that in COPD patients, induced sputum can be used to assess airway inflammation for individuals suffering from the disease by performing differential cell counts and therefore allowing for a more tailored treatment and management and in diagnosing chronic lung diseases.…”

Section: Applications Of Induced Sputummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most importantly, in both pathologies, airway inflammation is considered their primary cause. It has been shown that improved understanding, management, and treatment of these respiratory diseases lie with the measurement of airway inflammation and, in some cases, the associated microbial infections (1)(2)(3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sputum induction and its diagnostic applications in inflammatory airway disorders: a review

Goncalves,

Eze

2023

Front. Allergy

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Sputum induction is a technique that covers the induction and the subsequent processing of the expectorate primarily for the analysis of cells and different inflammatory biomarkers present in the airways to further understand the pathophysiology of different inflammatory respiratory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as the diagnosis of lung diseases such as lung cancer, tuberculosis, and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. It is a non-invasive, safe, cost-effective, and reliable technique reported to exhibit a high success rate. However, due to being technically demanding and time-consuming and having the need of employing trained staff, this technique is only used in restricted research centres and in limited centres of clinical use. When the sputum is collected after induction, the primary goal is to obtain a differential cell count and evaluate the molecular biomarkers of airway inflammation such as eosinophil cationic protein, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, major basic protein, tryptase, cytokine production [e.g., interleukin (IL)-5], albumin, and fibrinogen. In addition, cytospins from the processed sputum are used for immunocytochemical staining of cellular products such as EG-2 reactive protein, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and IL-8 that play significant roles in understanding the pathophysiology of inflammatory airway diseases. Nowadays, this technique can be further used by performing an additional analysis such as flow cytometry and in situ hybridisation on the sputum supernatant to investigate more the immune response and pathophysiological process of such various respiratory diseases. In addition, the application of sputum fluid phase to assess the biomarkers could be used more routinely in pathological laboratories for diagnosing lung cancer, COPD, and asthma as well as for monitoring lung cancer progression and asthma and COPD treatment, allowing for early detection and a better treatment provided by the clinicians.

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Section: Applications Of Induced Sputummentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Applications Of Induced Sputummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sputum induction and its diagnostic applications in inflammatory airway disorders: a review

Goncalves,

Eze

2023

Front. Allergy

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“…IL-13 is an important cytokine in airway hyper responsiveness, mucus production and various immune reactions. IL-13t can be detected in serum 46 . TNF is proinflammatory cytokine implicated in modulation of inflammation.…”

Section: Mutated Targets With Loss Of Function Variants Receptor Tyro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

In-silico identification and prioritization of therapeutic targets of asthma

Mallick,

Panchal,

Kadam

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Asthma is a “common chronic disorder that affects the lungs causing variable and recurring symptoms like repeated episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and underlying inflammation. The interaction of these features of asthma determines the clinical manifestations and severity of asthma and the response to treatment" [cited from: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Expert Panel 3 Report. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma 2007 (EPR-3). Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7232/ (accessed on January 3, 2023)]. As per the WHO, 262 million people were affected by asthma in 2019 that leads to 455,000 deaths (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma). In this current study, our aim was to evaluate thousands of scientific documents and asthma associated omics datasets to identify the most crucial therapeutic target for experimental validation. We leveraged the proprietary tool Ontosight® Discover to annotate asthma associated genes and proteins. Additionally, we also collected and evaluated asthma related patient datasets through bioinformatics and machine learning based approaches to identify most suitable targets. Identified targets were further evaluated based on the various biological parameters to scrutinize their candidature for the ideal therapeutic target. We identified 7237 molecular targets from published scientific documents, 2932 targets from genomic structured databases and 7690 dysregulated genes from the transcriptomics and 560 targets from genomics mutational analysis. In total, 18,419 targets from all the desperate sources were analyzed and evaluated though our approach to identify most promising targets in asthma. Our study revealed IL-13 as one of the most important targets for asthma with approved drugs on the market currently. TNF, VEGFA and IL-18 were the other top targets identified to be explored for therapeutic benefit in asthma but need further clinical testing. HMOX1, ITGAM, DDX58, SFTPD and ADAM17 were the top novel targets identified for asthma which needs to be validated experimentally.

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“…Elevated frequencies of Th2 cells in the airways release specific cytokines that control the rebound of allergic inflammation, including IL-4 13 . In addition, IL-4 is very important in driving the differentiation of helper T lymphocyte precursors into Th2 response cells 14 .…”

Section: /22mentioning

confidence: 99%

A relação entre polimorfismos de IL-4 e asma: uma revisão sistemática

Silva

Monteiro

Silva

et al. 2022

Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz

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A asma é uma doença crônica e heterogênea das vias aéreas que tem início na infância e persiste em muitos casos até a vida adulta. A doença é resultado de interações ambientais, epigenéticas e genéticas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo revisar sobre os polimorfismos descritos na literatura no gene IL-4 associados à susceptibilidade ou proteção ao desenvolvimento da asma. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, feita nos bancos de dados PubMed, MEDLINE e Science Direct no corte temporal de 2000 a julho de 2021, ressaltando os seguintes pontos-chave: IL-4, Polimorfismos e Asma. A pesquisa resultou em 29 artigos, sendo em sua totalidade em língua inglesa. Apesar de alguns estudos divergentes, o SNP rs2243250, que foi o mais estudado em populações de diversos países, também foi o que mais encontrou correlações de susceptibilidade com a doença. Conclui-se que, apesar de haver dados controversos sobre os SNPs de IL-4 relacionados à doença, a associação dos estudos pangenômicos tem trazido uma lista de genes e variações deles associados com o risco de desenvolver a asma, como o SNP rs2243250 que foi bem relacionado em populações de vários países analisados.

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An update on the diagnostic biomarkers for asthma

Cited by 10 publications

References 132 publications

Sputum induction and its diagnostic applications in inflammatory airway disorders: a review

Sputum induction and its diagnostic applications in inflammatory airway disorders: a review

In-silico identification and prioritization of therapeutic targets of asthma

A relação entre polimorfismos de IL-4 e asma: uma revisão sistemática

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