An update on the diagnosis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

Fang, Jiayun M; Li, Jay; Shi, Jiaqi

doi:10.3748/wjg.v28.i10.1009

Cited by 25 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…In comparison, little is known about circulating miRNA in NETs. The altered expression of over 100 miRNAs have been described in NETs [ 95 ]. So far, no universal target molecule for NETs has been identified, possibly due to the diverse nature of neuroendocrine neoplasms and the fact that many miRNAs are tissue-specific [ 96 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Neuroendocrine Tumor Biomarkers: Past, Present and Future

Komarnicki

Musiałkiewicz

Stańska

et al. 2022

JCM

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Neuroendocrine tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms originating from the diffuse endocrine system. Depending on primary location and hormonal status, they range in terms of clinical presentation, prognosis and treatment. Functional tumors often develop symptoms indicating an excess of hormones produced by the neoplasm (exempli gratia insulinoma, glucagonoma and VIPoma) and can be diagnosed using monoanalytes. For non-functional tumors (inactive or producing insignificant amounts of hormones), universal biomarkers have not been established. The matter remains an important unmet need in the field of neuroendocrine tumors. Substances researched over the years, such as chromogranin A and neuron-specific enolase, lack the desired sensitivity and specificity. In recent years, the potential use of Circulating Tumor Cells or multianalytes such as a circulating microRNA and NETest have been widely discussed. They offer superior diagnostic parameters in comparison to traditional biomarkers and depict disease status in a more comprehensive way. Despite a lot of promise, no international standards have yet been developed regarding their routine use and clinical application. In this literature review, we describe the analytes used over the years and cover novel biomarkers that could find a use in the future. We discuss their pros and cons while showcasing recent advances in the field of neuroendocrine tumor biomarkers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Neuroendocrine Tumor Biomarkers: Past, Present and Future

Komarnicki

Musiałkiewicz

Stańska

et al. 2022

JCM

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“…The diagnosis is based on clinical pictures, biochemical markers, endoscopy, and imaging and confirmed by histopathology[ 4 , 15 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The location in the Vater’s ampoule may cause episodes of acute cholangitis or acute pancreatitis. Metastases usually involving the liver are asymptomatic initially, but later they can present as malaise, nausea, anorexia, weight loss, anemia, jaundice or pain[ 4 , 15 , 35 ].…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular factors, diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal tract neuroendocrine tumors: An update

Pavlidis¹,

Pavlidis²

2022

WJCC

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The prevalence of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs) is increasing, and despite recent advances in their therapy, it remains inadequate in patients with advanced well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. These tumors present many challenges concerning the molecular basis and genomic profile, pathophysiology, clinicopathological features, histopathologic classification, diagnosis and treatment. There has been an ongoing debate on diagnostic criteria and clinical behavior, and various changes have been made over the last few years. Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gastrointestinal system is a rare but highly malignant neoplasm that is genetically distinct from gastrointestinal system neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The diagnosis and management have changed over the past decade. Emerging novel biomarkers and metabolic players in cancer cells are useful and promising new diagnostic tools. Progress in positron emission tomography-computerized tomography and scintigraphy with new radioactive agents ( 64 Cu-DOTATATE or 68 Ga-DOTATATE) replacing enough octreoscan, has improved further the current diagnostic imaging. Promising results provide targeted therapies with biological agents, new drugs, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. However, the role of surgery is important, since it is the cornerstone of management. Simultaneous resection of small bowel NETs with synchronous liver metastases is a surgical challenge. Endoscopy offers novel options not only for diagnosis but also for interventional management. The therapeutic option should be individualized based on current multidisciplinary information.

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“…Serotonin and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid have been measured in blood and urine samples, respectively, as markers of carcinoid syndrome. However, the sensitivity of this biomarker is as low as 35% in the absence of carcinoid syndrome[ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis, treatment, and current concepts in the endoscopic management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

Iabichino¹,

Leo²,

Arena³

et al. 2022

WJG

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Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are rare tumors derived from the neuroendocrine cell system, which that have increased in incidence and prevalence in recent years. Despite improvements in radiological and metabolic imaging, endoscopy still plays a pivotal role in the number of GEP-NENs. Tumor detection, characterization, and staging are essential in management and treatment planning. Upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is essential for correct localization of the primary tumor site of GI NENs. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has an important role in the imaging and tissue acquisition of pancreatic NENs and locoregional staging of GI neuroendocrine tumors. Correct staging and histological diagnosis have important prognostic implications. Endoscopic operating techniques allow the removal of small GI NENs in the early stage of mucosal or submucosal invasion of the intestinal wall. Preoperative EUS-guided techniques may help the surgeon locate small and deep tumors, thus avoiding formal pancreatic resections in favor of parenchymal-sparing surgery. Finally, locoregional ablative treatments have been proposed in recent studies with promising results in selected patients.

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An update on the diagnosis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

Cited by 25 publications

References 121 publications

Circulating Neuroendocrine Tumor Biomarkers: Past, Present and Future

Circulating Neuroendocrine Tumor Biomarkers: Past, Present and Future

Molecular factors, diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal tract neuroendocrine tumors: An update

Diagnosis, treatment, and current concepts in the endoscopic management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

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