An update on the biological characteristics and functions of tuft cells in the gut

Abstract

The intestine is a powerful digestive system and one of the most sophisticated immunological organs. Evidence shows that tuft cells (TCs), a kind of epithelial cell with distinct morphological characteristics, play a significant role in various physiological processes. TCs can be broadly categorized into different subtypes depending on different molecular criteria. In this review, we discuss its biological properties and role in maintaining homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract. We also emphasize its relevance to the immune system and highlight its powerful influence on intestinal diseases, including inflammations and tumors. In addition, we provide fresh insights into future clinical diagnostic and therapeutic strategies related to TCs.

IFN-λ derived from nonsusceptible enterocytes acts on tuft cells to limit persistent norovirus

“…Here, we investigated the activity and source of IFN-λ during persistent MNoV infection in intestinal tuft cells. Intestinal tuft cell turnover generates short-lived tuft cells with a life span of at least 7 days and long-lived tuft cells that survive up to 18 months (32,(35)(36)(37). Short-lived intestinal tuft cells act as a bona fide reservoir for CR6 in vivo (10,12,13).…”

Colonic Tuft Cells: The Less-Recognized Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer

“…Modulating TLR signaling with agonists or antagonists (e.g., cobitolimod, evitoran, or resatorvid) could potentially affect TC function and inflammation in IBD [113]. Notch signaling is involved in TC differentiation and maintenance [114]. Inhibitors of Notch signaling pathways (e.g., MRK-560) may alter TC populations and their responses in the intestine [114].…”

“…Notch signaling is involved in TC differentiation and maintenance [114]. Inhibitors of Notch signaling pathways (e.g., MRK-560) may alter TC populations and their responses in the intestine [114].…”

“…Certain dietary components have also been shown to influence TC function [114,132]. Modulating one's diet to promote the maintenance/development of a healthy TC population or to reduce inflammation may have therapeutic potential in IBD management.…”

“…Anti-TNF agents, such as infliximab, target TNFα to reduce inflammation in IBD. While their direct effects on TCs are not well studied, they may modulate the inflammatory environment in the intestine, which could impact TC function [114]. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, such as tofacitinib, inhibit signaling pathways involved in cytokine-mediated inflammation.…”