An update on the association of vitamin D deficiency with common infectious diseases

Watkins, Richard R.; Lemonovich, Tracy L.; Salata, Robert A.

doi:10.1139/cjpp-2014-0352

Cited by 101 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The mechanical barrier of the skin and other epithelial surfaces constitute the first barrier to infections and activated 25-OH vitamin D has an important role in maintaining the integrity of epithelial cells by encoding the proteins needed for several tight junctions [23]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal and Maternal 25-OH Vitamin D Serum Levels in Neonates with Early-Onset Sepsis

et al. 2017

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Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is important for calcium metabolism and plays an important role in the immune functions. The aim of this study was to measure neonatal and maternal 25-OH vitamin D serum levels in neonates with early onset sepsis. The study included fifty neonates with early onset sepsis (25 full-term and 25 preterm infants) and thirty age and sex matched healthy neonates as controls. After history taking and clinical examination, complete blood count, C-reactive protein and 25-OH vitamin D serum levels (neonatal and maternal) were measured for all neonates. The mean gestational age for neonates with sepsis was (37.5 ± 0.98 for full term and 34.1 ± 1.26 for preterm neonates). Neonatal and maternal 25-OH vitamin D serum levels were significantly lower in patients (6.4 ± 1.8 and 24.6 ± 2.2 nmol/L) than controls (42.5 ± 20.7 and 50.4 ± 21.4 nmol/L). Significant negative correlations between neonatal and maternal 25-OH vitamin D serum levels and all sepsis markers and significant positive correlations between neonatal and maternal 25-OH vitamin D levels were present. At cut-off values <20 nmol/L for neonatal and <42 nmol/L for maternal 25-OH vitamin D for detection of neonatal sepsis, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value (PPV) and negative predicted value (NPV) were 84%, 79%, 94.7% and 82.3% for neonatal and 82%, 77%, 91.4% and 80.6% for maternal 25-OH vitamin D, respectively. Positive correlations between neonatal and maternal 25-OH Vitamin D serum levels are present and they are negatively correlated with all sepsis markers. They can be sensitive early predictors for early onset sepsis in neonates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal and Maternal 25-OH Vitamin D Serum Levels in Neonates with Early-Onset Sepsis

et al. 2017

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“…Recent research suggests vitamin D may impact the formation of reactive oxygen species and boost IL-1β expression, which in turn impacts antimicrobial peptide production. [23,24] The majority of supportive evidence for vitamin D’s action on the innate immune system is based on studies involving mycobacterial and granulomatous diseases. Although there is burgeoning literature on the association of vitamin D’s role in the course of respiratory viral infections and influenza, there still remains a notable knowledge gap with respect to vitamin D’s actions on the innate immune system inresponse to other bacterial and viral pathogens.…”

Section: Vitamin D and Impact On The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It appears cathelicidin has an effect on disease severity and course for certain viral and bacterial infections, and this is an area of active research. [23,35,36]…”

Section: Vitamin D and Impact On The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Let there be light”: the role of vitamin D in the immune response to vaccines

Sadarangani

Whitaker

Poland

2015

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Vitamin D’s non-skeletal actions, including immunomodulatory role, have been increasingly recognized. Of significance, many immune cells are able to synthesize a biologically active form of vitamin D from circulating 25-(OH) D with subsequent intracrine actions, and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is broadly distributed. In this review, we discuss vitamin D’s potent role in innate and adaptive immune responses and published studies evaluating the impact of serum vitamin D, vitamin D gene pathway polymorphisms or empiric vitamin D supplementation on vaccine immunogenicity. We highlight existing knowledge gaps and propose the steps needed to advance the science and answer the question of whether vitamin D may prove valuable as a vaccine adjuvant for certain vaccines against infectious diseases.

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“…Vitamin D presents with complex pro-inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory effects10. The majority of immune cell types, including B-cells, T-cells and antigen presenting cells express the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and are able to synthetize the active 1,25(OH)D, indicating a pivotal paracrine or autocrine function1112.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)D vitamin D fails to predict sepsis and mortality in a prospective cohort study

Ratzinger

Haslacher

Stadlberger

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The clinical role of vitamin D in sepsis and mortality prediction is controversially discussed. Therefore, we conducted a prospective cohort study on standard care wards, including 461 patients with suspected sepsis fulfilling two or more SIRS criteria. On the first and third day after onset of SIRS symptoms levels of 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)D and sepsis biomarkers were analysed for their predictive capacity for identifying infection, bacteraemia and an elevated mortality risk. Additionally, several SNPs associated with vitamin D metabolism were evaluated. Bacteraemic patients (28.5%) presented with significantly lower 1,25(OH)D levels than SIRS patients without bacteraemia on the first and third day, while 25(OH)D did not show a predictive capacity. No significant differences of either 1,25(OH)D or 25(OH)D levels were found between SIRS patients with and without infections or between survivors and non-survivors. Sepsis biomarkers, including procalcitonin and CRP, showed a significantly higher discriminatory capacity for these classification tasks. The vitamin D metabolism-related SNPs analysed did not indicate any association with our outcome measures. In conclusion, 1,25(OH)D but not 25(OH)D showed a minor discriminatory value for the prediction of bacteraemia that was inferior to CRP and PCT but both failed to predict sepsis and mortality in a prospective cohort of SIRS patients.

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An update on the association of vitamin D deficiency with common infectious diseases

Cited by 101 publications

References 68 publications

Neonatal and Maternal 25-OH Vitamin D Serum Levels in Neonates with Early-Onset Sepsis

Neonatal and Maternal 25-OH Vitamin D Serum Levels in Neonates with Early-Onset Sepsis

“Let there be light”: the role of vitamin D in the immune response to vaccines

25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)D vitamin D fails to predict sepsis and mortality in a prospective cohort study

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