An update on synthesis, properties, applications and toxicity of the ILs

Mechanisms of Biological Effects of Ionic Liquids: From Single Cells to Multicellular Organisms

“…To date, several facts have been definitively established. First, the effect of ILs directly correlates with their ability to disturb cellular membranes, both outer and inner ones. ,,,− Second, ILs can cause oxidative stress in cells. ,,, Third, many ILs trigger cell death via apoptosis in various cell lines. ,,, Information about toxicity-related interactions of ILs with particular biological molecules, including proteins, is limited. To be precise, there are numerous studies on the physicochemical and biochemical effects of ILs on various proteins, but the majority of them discuss IL-mediated effects on the stability/activity of a given protein in terms of possible biotechnological applications and thus give us no definite clues to the toxicity mechanisms.…”

“…Most surprisingly, whereas the other branches have been demonstrating evident growth (Energetics and Toxicity) or have reached a plateau (Green chemistry, Fine-tuned biological activity, and Medicine) during the last two decades, research on mechanistic aspects of IL-induced toxicity (Mechanisms of toxicity) seems stagnant in comparison. The topic of the biological activity of ILs, in particular, their toxicity toward various biological systems and organisms, has been addressed in details in numerous reviews, including recent reviews. ,,− Possible applications of ILs in medicine comprise a separate scientific branch, which has its share of reviews. ,− However, to the best of our knowledge, almost no attempts to systematize and generalize the available data from the viewpoint of mechanisms of IL-related toxicity have been made thus far. We think the time has come to present such a review to the IL-dedicated scientific society.…”

Unveiling the future of steel corrosion inhibition: a revolutionary sustainable odyssey with a special emphasis on N+-containing ionic liquids through cutting-edge innovations

“…(ii) Energy storage: ILs are investigated for use in batteries, fuel cells, and other energy storage devices due to their high ionic conductivity and stability. 77…”

An Ongoing Futuristic Career of Metal–Organic Frameworks and Ionic Liquids, A Magical Gateway to Capture CO2; A Critical Review

“…ILs are composed of the bulky organic cation having low molecular symmetry and the small organic/inorganic anion moieties that are in the molten form in their pure state. , The nature of high absorption capacity, biodegradability, and lower corrosivity associated with ILs makes them enables to be applied as a replacement solvent in place of existing volatile, corrosive, and degradation-originated amine-based solvents. , The unique chemical and physical characteristics of ILs provided them more opportunities to be utilized in numerous applications like catalysis, energy storage, electrochemistry, separation, and other applications. Moreover, the nature of high inflammability and high affinity toward CO 2 makes them enables to be utilized for gas separation applications for carbon capture …”