An update on noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features

Range, Danielle Elliott; Jiang, Xiaoyin “Sara”

doi:10.1097/cco.0000000000000416

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It is metabolized by cytochrome 450 enzymes (CYP3A4, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6) and 20 unique metabolites have been identified, which are excreted equally in urine and feces. Two percentage and 5% of the absorbed medication is excreted unchanged in urine and feces, respectively 18…”

Section: Development Of Braf Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most significant difference between encorafenib and the other second-generation BRAF inhibitors is its increased dissociation half-life of 30 hours, compared to dabrafenib (2 hours) and vemurafenib (0.5 hours) 15,18. This means that encorafenib will maintain its inhibitory effect longer than the other BRAF inhibitors with a shorter off-rate, leading to decreased off-effect adverse events (AEs) and prolonged inhibition 3.…”

Section: Development Of Braf Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Encorafenib/binimetinib for the treatment of BRAF-mutant advanced, unresectable, or metastatic melanoma: design, development, and potential place in therapy

Sun

Zager

Eroglu

2018

OTT

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Major advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of melanoma have led to a new era of melanoma treatment with targeted therapy and immunotherapies. Since 2011, four new classes of medications with unique mechanisms of action have been approved, which allow melanoma to be treated at many different stages in its development. These include the checkpoint inhibitors anti-PD1/PDL-1 and anti-CTLA4, as well as BRAF inhibitors and MEK inhibitors. The latter two were developed to directly inhibit key components in the MAP kinase pathway with significant breakthrough in the treatment of metastatic and unresectable melanoma. In this review, we discuss the development of targeted therapy of melanoma up to the latest agents encorafenib and binimetinib, including mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and the latest data on treatment response. Current ongoing trials will continue to elucidate these medications and their ultimate impact on melanoma therapy.

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Section: Development Of Braf Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of Braf Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encorafenib/binimetinib for the treatment of BRAF-mutant advanced, unresectable, or metastatic melanoma: design, development, and potential place in therapy

Sun

Zager

Eroglu

2018

OTT

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“…Controversies in treating this type exist, with some authors considering only lobectomy necessary ( 13 ). It is currently believed that this variant is biologically indolent, so the reclassification was performed in order to reduce overtreatment of patients since in most cases this type is treated as classic variant of papillary carcinoma ( 14 ). However, opinions that this subtype should be more seriously treated exist, for example Baloch et al reports a case of EFVPTC with distant metastasis ( 13 , 15 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare Occurrence of Incidental Finding of Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm With Papillary-Like Nuclear Features in Hurthle Cell Adenoma

et al. 2018

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Introduction:Hürthle cell adenoma is a rare benign lesion of the thyroid gland, however, controversies about its potential malignant behavior still remain. Among thyroid neoplasms, papillary carcinoma is the most common variant with great variety of histological subtypes demonstrating different biological behavior.Aim:To raise the awareness of possible coexistence of these two lesions and discussion about possible therapeutic approaches.Case report:A 42 year old female patient was examined because of the pain in the thyroid area. Cytological examination suggested Hürthle cell adenoma. Subsequently, right thyroid lobectomy was performed. Intraoperative frozen sections confirmed the diagnosis, yet final histological analysis revealed encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (EFVPTC), now reclassified as noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary- like nuclear features (NIFTP) within the adenoma, which was not noticed through scintigraphy, ultrasound, cytological and frozen section analysis.Conclusions:Problems concerning both diagnostic and therapeutic approach to these lesions are being discussed, since opinions reported in the literature are divided, posing great challenge for the clinician in determining adequate therapeutic procedures.

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“…It is noted that T cell has great potential for immunotherapy of hematological malignancies. The most active T cell endogenous inhibitory pathway is the immunoglobulin superfamily such as CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4): B7-1/B7-2 receptor/ligand grouping, which plays a central role in coordinating immune responses [ 7 , 8 ]. However, from the beginning of puberty after thymus degeneration, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) persists due to the chronic activation of cytomegalovirus in humans causing repeated activation of T cells, which is considered the driving factor of human immune aging [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies

Yan

Liu²,

Liu³

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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T cell immune protection plays a pivotal role in the treatment of patients with hematological malignancies. However, T cell exhaustion might lead to the possibility of immune escape of hematological malignancies. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells can restore the activity of exhausted T cell through reprogramming and is widely used in the treatment of relapsed/refractory (r/r) hematological malignancies. Of note, CD19, CD20, CD30, CD33, CD123, and CD269 as ideal targets have shown extraordinary potential for CAR-T cell therapy and other targets such as CD23 and SLAMF7 have brought promising future for clinical trials. However, CAR-T cells can also produce some adverse events after treatment of hematological malignancies, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity, and on-target/off-tumor toxicity, which may cause systemic immune stress inflammation, destruction of the blood-brain barrier, and even normal tissue damage. In this review, we aim to summarize the composition of CAR-T cell and its application in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), multiple myeloma (MM), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Moreover, we will review the disadvantages of CAR-T cell therapy and propose several comprehensive recommendations which might guide its development.

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An update on noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features

Abstract: The recent literature on molecular, radiographic and cytologic characteristics of NIFTP are building our understanding of this neoplasm and support its indolent nature.

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Encorafenib/binimetinib for the treatment of BRAF-mutant advanced, unresectable, or metastatic melanoma: design, development, and potential place in therapy

Encorafenib/binimetinib for the treatment of BRAF-mutant advanced, unresectable, or metastatic melanoma: design, development, and potential place in therapy

Rare Occurrence of Incidental Finding of Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm With Papillary-Like Nuclear Features in Hurthle Cell Adenoma

Application of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies

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