An Update on Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Centered Therapies in Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis

Abstract

Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a degenerative disease characterized by cartilage degeneration, disrupted subchondral bone remodeling, and synovitis, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients with chronic pain and functional disabilities. Current treatments for TMJOA are mainly symptomatic therapies without reliable long-term efficacy, due to the limited self-renewal capability of the condyle and the poorly elucidated pathogenesis of TMJOA. Recently, there has been increased interest in cellular therapies for osteoarthritis and TMJ regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), self-renewing and multipotent progenitor cells, play a promising role in TMJOA treatment. Derived from a variety of tissues, MSCs exert therapeutic effects through diverse mechanisms, including chondrogenic differentiation; fibrocartilage regeneration; and trophic, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we provide an overview of the therapeutic roles of various tissue-specific MSCs in osteoarthritic TMJ or TMJ regenerative tissue engineering, with an additional focus on joint-resident stem cells and other cellular therapies, such as exosomes and adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF). Additionally, we summarized the updated pathogenesis of TMJOA to provide a better understanding of the pathological mechanisms of cellular therapies. Although limitations exist, MSC-centered therapies still provide novel, innovative approaches for TMJOA treatment.

Autologous Stem Cells Transplants in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joints Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials

“…Possible unfavorable directions for stem cell differentiation, including proinflammatory phenotype-producing pro-inflammatory cytokines, are being cautioned about [ 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 ]. The issue requires further investigation but does not appear to be a deterrent to clinical trials.…”

Enhanced Circadian Clock in MSCs-Based Cytotherapy Ameliorates Age-Related Temporomandibular Joint Condyle Degeneration

“…Dang et al recently demonstrated that an advanced therapeutic application combining adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and dermal-derived collagen could promote cartilage regeneration [ 39 ]. Recent studies reported that repetitive injections of exogenous BMSCs could relieve cartilage degeneration in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) in rodent models [ 16 , 40 ]. However, the effective migration of donor cells toward the target tissue and chondrogenic differentiation still hinder the application of MSCs-based therapy on the TMJ region [ 18 , 40 ].…”

“…Recent studies reported that repetitive injections of exogenous BMSCs could relieve cartilage degeneration in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) in rodent models [ 16 , 40 ]. However, the effective migration of donor cells toward the target tissue and chondrogenic differentiation still hinder the application of MSCs-based therapy on the TMJ region [ 18 , 40 ]. Lu et al reported that multiple-time injections of GFP-BMSCs into the TMJ region rescued cartilage degeneration in mice TMJ-OA [ 18 ].…”

Necroptosis in pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and its therapeutic implications

“…达 [35] ；降低了实验性自身免疫性关节炎的进展和 炎症因子的滑膜表达，提示 NST-1s 可能可以通过 抑制程序性坏死介质的表达，降低炎症因子的分 泌，从而延缓关节炎的进展 [36] 。 颞下颌关节骨关节炎是最难治疗的骨关节 炎之一，而近年来该病的发病率逐渐升高，是口腔 临床研究的热点。颞下颌关节骨关节炎的主要病 理学特征包括软骨细胞死亡、细胞外基质降解和 软骨下骨重塑，但确切发病机制和过程仍有待进 一步研究 [37][38] 。Zhang 等 [35] 实验证明，下颌软骨…”