An update on human echinostomiasis

Toledo, Rafael; Esteban, J. Guillermo

doi:10.1093/trstmh/trv099

Cited by 78 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Echinostoma spp. have been recognized as important zoonotic agents and cases of human echinostomiasis have been reported from various geographical areas (Chai et al, 1994;Haseeb and Eveland, 2002;Sripa et al, 2010;Chai et al, 2012;Sah et al, 2018). Eating raw or improperly cooked or processed fish are the main sources of infection to humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Toledo and Esteban (2016) human echinostomiasis is attributed to a minimum of 24 species that are endemic to Southeast Asia and the Far East, including the mainland China, Taiwan, India, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines and Indonesia. Various studies on human echinostomiasis have been reported from India (Maji et al, 1993;Tandon et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histopathology and other aspects of echinostome infection in freshwater fishes of the South Western Ghats, India

Jithila¹,

Prasadan²

2019

Braz. J. Biol. Sci.

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While investigating the trematode parasite infestation in the freshwater fishes of South Western Ghats, India we came across echinostome infection in three species of fishes Pseudosphromenus cupanus, Lepidocephalichthys thermlis and Aplochelus lineatus. Detailed histopathological studies on the infected kidney of the freshwater fish L. thermlis revealed severe damage and degeneration of their cells. The prevalence, intensity and mean abundance of infection of Echinostoma sp. in the three fishes were also recorded. The prevalences of Echinostoma sp. infection in the freshwater fishes P. cupanus, A. lineatus and L. thermalis were 5.55%, 66.66% and 25%, the intensities of infection were 4.5, 36 and 1, and the mean abundances were 0.25, 24 and 0.25, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathology and other aspects of echinostome infection in freshwater fishes of the South Western Ghats, India

Jithila¹,

Prasadan²

2019

Braz. J. Biol. Sci.

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“…Apart from their interest as human parasites mainly in East and Southeast Asia [18][19] echinostomes, and particularly Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae), have been extensively used for the study the factors on which rely the establishment of chronic infections or, in contrast, the development of resistance to intestinal helminths. E. caproni is and intestinal trematode with no tissue phase in the vertebrate definitive host [20].…”

Section: Author's Summary Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin-25-mediated resistance against intestinal trematodes does not depend on the generation of Th2 responses

Álvarez-Izquierdo

Pérez-Crespo

Esteban

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Interleukin-25 (IL-25) plays a major role in resistance against intestinal helminth infections as initiator of protective Th2 responses. However, recent studies have challenged the contribution of this cytokine in both the polarization of the response towards a Th2 phenotype and the parasite rejection. We have used the experimental model Echinostoma caproni-ICR mice to investigate the participation of this cytokine in resistance to intestinal helminths. ICR mice are characterized by their inability to respond with IL-25 production in primary infections with E. caproni, causing susceptibility associated with a Th1 response. However, mice are refractory to infection in presence of IL-25 in relation to a type 2 phenotype. Herein, we show that dynamics of resident microbiota appears to be crucial in IL-25 production. Moreover, IL-25 seems to play a pivotal role in the polarization to Th2 in primary responses, but also appears to participate in the generation of memory mechanisms making unnecessary the participation of IL-25 in memory responses for the development of Th2 milieu. However, resistance to E. caproni infection does not depend on the generation of a Th2 phenotype, but exclusively depends on the presence of IL-25, operating autonomously from the type 2 response in the generation of resistance.

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“…However, geographical boundaries and the populations that are at risk continue to expand and change, resulting in higher rates of infection. A number of other factors contribute to the current situation such as widening international markets, improved transportation systems, changing eating habits in developed countries and various other demographic aspects (Toledo & Esteban, 2016). Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the viviparid snail species intended for public consumption in the local wet markets of Thailand, as well as investigating the prevalence of echinostome metacercariae infection among these snails.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snail-borne zoonotic trematodes in edible viviparid snails obtained from wet markets in Northern Thailand

Chantima

Rika

2020

J. Helminthol.

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Edible viviparid snails are suspected to be the source of human echinostomiasis in Thailand, but little is known about the prevalence of viviparid snail parasitization by echinostomes in snails sold for human consumption in wet markets. Here, the prevalence of echinostome metacercariae and the association between parasitic intensity and host size, as well as the relationship to host species, were investigated. In total, 1100 viviparid snails belonging to four species (Cipangopaludina annandalei, Filopaludina martensi martensi, F. sumatrensis polygramma and F. doliaris) were obtained from wet markets in Chiang Rai Province, Northern Thailand. All snail species were found to be infected with echinostome metacercariae with total prevalence and mean intensity values of 16.5% and 16.4, respectively. The metacercariae of the avian trematode, Thapariella anastomusa were found in Filopaludina spp. snails. Interestingly, C. annandalei identified in this study had not previously been considered a food source and this is the first report of echinostome metacercaria in this snail species. Results confirmed the role of C. annandalei as the second intermediate host of the trematode; however, the species identity of these echinostomes remains unclear. Comparative morphology of these metacercariae and their adult stage require further study, and molecular markers are necessary to confirm their identification. Prevalence and intensity of echinostomes metacercariae was significantly associated with snail species.

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An update on human echinostomiasis

Cited by 78 publications

References 55 publications

Histopathology and other aspects of echinostome infection in freshwater fishes of the South Western Ghats, India

Histopathology and other aspects of echinostome infection in freshwater fishes of the South Western Ghats, India

Interleukin-25-mediated resistance against intestinal trematodes does not depend on the generation of Th2 responses

Snail-borne zoonotic trematodes in edible viviparid snails obtained from wet markets in Northern Thailand

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