An update on head and neck cancer: new entities and their histopathology, molecular background, treatment, and outcome

Andreasen, Simon; Kiss, Katalin; Mikkelsen, Lauge Hjorth; Channir, Hani Ibrahim; Plaschke, Christina Caroline; Melchior, Linea Cecilie; Eriksen, Jesper Grau; Wessel, Irene

doi:10.1111/apm.12901

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 204 publications

(257 reference statements)

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“…SMARCB1 (INI-1) is a tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 22q11.2 that encodes a subunit of the SWI/SNF nucleosome remodeling complex [ 4 , 5 , 12 ]. It is expressed universally in all nuclei of normal tissue and plays a major role in preventing tumor formation [ 1 , 10 , 13 , 14 ]. The SMARCB1-deficient tumor family is established by inactivating mutations of the tumor suppressor gene SMARCB1 (INI-1) [ 8 , 11 , 15 ], which plays a role in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of tumors that share basaloid or rhabdoid morphology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

INI-1-Deficient Sinonasal Carcinoma: Case Report with Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis

Alsayed

Aljufairi

Alshammari

et al. 2022

Case Reports in Pathology

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SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma is a newly described entity, with less than 100 reported cases. It is characterized by basaloid or rhabdoid morphology and is diagnosed by complete loss of nuclear SMARCB1 (INI-1). The morphologic appearance, specific immunophenotypic markers, and unique molecular make-up distinguish this entity from other various malignant neoplasms. We present a case of a 55-year-old male that presented with a large progressing palatine mass. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a heterogeneous mass involving the left maxillary space. The initial biopsy was diagnosed as undifferentiated carcinoma. Resection was performed, and immunohistochemical studies revealed a complete loss of INI-1, refining the diagnosis to SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma. Diagnosis of SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma should be considered in all undifferentiated sinonasal carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry or molecular studies are mandatory to confirm the diagnosis and exclude other morphologically similar entities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

INI-1-Deficient Sinonasal Carcinoma: Case Report with Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis

Alsayed

Aljufairi

Alshammari

et al. 2022

Case Reports in Pathology

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“…Head and neck cancers, mainly including two histological subtypes of head and neck adenocarcinoma (HNA) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) ( Andreasen et al, 2019 ). HNSCC is not only close to EC in histological classification and anatomical location but also has many similar carcinogenic factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esophageal Cancer Associated Immune Genes as Biomarkers for Predicting Outcome in Upper Gastrointestinal Tumors

Zhu

Xia

et al. 2021

Front. Genet.

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Esophageal cancer (EC) is the seventh most common tumor in the world, ranking the sixth leading cause of cancer death, with a 5-year survival rate of 15-25%. Therefore, reliable prognostic biomarkers are needed to effectively predict the prognosis of EC. In this study, the gene profile information of the EC cohort served as a training set, which was derived from TCGA and Immport databases. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed on the differential genes in normal and tumor groups of EC. The immune genes in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were further obtained for univariate and multivariate Cox and Lasso regression analysis, and 6 independent immune genes (S100A3, STC2, HSPA6, CCL25, GPER1, and OSM) associated with prognosis were obtained to establish an immune risk score signature (IRSS). The signature was validated using head and neck cancers (HNSC) and gastric cancer (GC)in upper gastrointestinal malignancies as validation sets. The Kaplan-Meier results showed that the prognosis of the high-risk group was significantly favorable than that of the low-risk group in both the training set (P < 0.001; HR = 3.68, 95% CI = 2.14−6.35) and the validation set (P = 0.010; HR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.09−1.88). A nomogram combining multiple clinical information and IRSS was more effective than a single independent prognostic factor in predicting outcome. This study explored the potential link between immunity and EC, and established and validated prognostic biomarkers that can effectively predict the prognosis of EC, HNSC and GC based on six immune genes.

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“…Diagnosis and staging of head and neck malignancy will normally include clinical examination by an experienced clinician, fine needle aspiration (FNAC) &/or core biopsy of any neck masses, followed by further examination under anesthetic with additional operative biopsies if needed [15]. Oral lesions are evaluated with an incisional biopsy or a brush biopsy, while nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, or laryngeal lesions are biopsied endoscopically [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Study of Head and Neck Cancer in Al-Baharegion, South West of Saudi Arabia

A¹

2020

J Otolaryngol Rhinol

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Background: In Al-Baha City, Saudi Arabia, there have been few or no statistical studies evaluating the prevalence and pattern of Head and Neck malignancies and till today no published data. The current study was conducted to analysis the different clinical and pathological features of head and neck cancers at Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia.Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study, in which the records of patients presented to the Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), and various surgical departments at King Fahd Hospital at Al-Baha region and the documents of patients referred from Al-Baha region to the nearby specialized and oncology centers over ten years (January 2009-December 2019). A total of 470 patient's records were reviewed for the following variables: Age, sex, occupation, smoking and alcohol consumption habits, primary tumor location, clinical tumor stage, histological type and grade, diagnosis, and patient survival. Results:The age ranged from 36 to 91 years with a mean 63.4 years, the most prevalent age groups were from 51 to 60 years (30.4%) and between 61 to 70 years (30%). Four hundred and five patients (86.2%) of the studied cases were males. Smoking was recorded as a habit in 86.5% male patients. Oral cavity and laryngeal malignant tumors were the most common, 35.1% and 32.1% respectively. The most found risk factor was smoking (86.5%) followed by oral unhygienic conditions & periodontal diseases (43.6%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent histopathological type 91.3%. Early stage tumors were observed in oral cavity and laryngeal carcinomas. Conclusion:This study was invariably required to show how serious the likely problem of head and neck cancer is typically and how it affects the local health system in Al-Baha area. The study revealed that smoking with its consequences is a significant risk factor for head and cancer in Al-Baha city.

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An update on head and neck cancer: new entities and their histopathology, molecular background, treatment, and outcome

Cited by 29 publications

References 204 publications

INI-1-Deficient Sinonasal Carcinoma: Case Report with Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis

INI-1-Deficient Sinonasal Carcinoma: Case Report with Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis

Esophageal Cancer Associated Immune Genes as Biomarkers for Predicting Outcome in Upper Gastrointestinal Tumors

Epidemiological Study of Head and Neck Cancer in Al-Baharegion, South West of Saudi Arabia

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